Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung und Substanzmittelabhängigkeit

Zusammenfassung

Mögliche Assoziationen einer Substanzmittelabhängigkeit und der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) wurden anhand einer Literaturrecherche untersucht. Die ADHS scheint ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Substanzmittelabhängigkeit zu sein. Bis zu 50 % der Patienten mit aus dem Kindesalter ins Erwachsenenalter hineinreichenden ADHS-Symptomen entwickeln eine Substanzmittelabhängigkeit. Möglicherweise basierend auf pathophysiologischen Gemeinsamkeiten erscheint die Kokain- und Nikotinabhängigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung bei Adoleszenten oder Erwachsenen mit ADHS zu sein. Die Präsenz einer ADHS vermag möglicherweise eine Substanzmittelabhängigkeit im Adoleszenten- und Erwachsenenalter auf unterschiedliche Weise zu beeinflussen: früherer Abhängigkeitsbeginn, höhere Konsumfrequenz, längere Dauer der Abhängigkeit und Wechsel von Alkoholmissbrauch zu anderer Substanzabhängigkeit. Mögliche pharmakologische und nichtpharmakologische therapeutische Strategien bei Patienten mit ADHS und Substanzmittelabhängigkeit werden diskutiert.

Abstract

Recent investigations of possible associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance-use disorders are reviewed. ADHD seems to represent a possible risk factor for developing a substance abuse, up to 50 % of patients with on continuing ADHD symptoms from childhood were found to develop a substance-use disorder. Based on possible pathophysiological similarities, especially cocaine and nicotine dependence are of focused interest in adolescents and adults with ADHD. The presence of ADHD may influence adolescent and adult substance-use disorders in different ways: earlier age of onset, higher frequency, longer duration of substance abuse and transition from alcohol-abuse to other substance-use disorders. Possible pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies in patients with ADHD and substance abuse are discussed.

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