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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41708
Kutane Nebenwirkungen klinisch relevanter Zytokintherapien
Cutaneous side effects of clinically relevant cytokine therapiesPublication History
eingereicht: 23.5.2003
akzeptiert: 3.7.2003
Publication Date:
22 August 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Zytokine sind kleinmolekulare, hochaktive Proteine, die zunehmend in der Therapie verschiedenster Erkrankungen Verwendung finden. Die dabei beobachteten Nebenwirkungen (NW) sind in der Regel Ausdruck der potenten Aktivierung des Immunsystems. Zu den bekannten systemischen NW gehören grippeartige NW, das vasculary leak syndrome oder die Induktion von Autoimmunerkrankungen. Zu den am häufigsten eingesetzten Zytokinen gehört IFNα, welches assoziiert ist mit der Auslösung oder Verschlechterung von Autoantikörper-assoziierten Erkrankungen wie SLE, Typ I Diabetes, Thyreoiditis oder hämatologischen Erkrankungen. NW von IFNβ oder IFNγ dagegen werden seltener berichtet, erklärbar durch deren geringere Anwendung. Das häufig eingesetzte Interleukin-2 zeigt ebenfalls ein weites Spektrum immunpathologischer Zustände wie Nephritis, rheumatoide Arthritis oder Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Wachstumsfaktoren wie GM-CSF oder EPO werden mit Schilddrüsenerkrankungen oder auch mit Vaskulitiden in Verbindung gebracht. Neben immunstimulierenden Wirkungen können Zytokine wie z. B. IFNα auch immunsuppressive Effekte auslösen, IL-2 kann mit einer erhöhten Rate von infektiösen Komplikationen behaftet sein. Neben den systemischen Reaktionen ist insbesondere die Haut häufig von NW der in der Regel subkutan verabreichten Zytokine betroffen. Diese können von Pruritus an der Injektionsstelle oder harmlosen Erythemen über die Induktion bzw. Verschlechterung einer Psoriasis bis hin zu bullösen Hautreaktionen oder lebensbedrohlichen Autoimmunreaktionen reichen. Die kutanen NW sind nicht notwendigerweise therapielimitierend und können in den meisten Fällen durch lokale Maßnahmen oder durch Dosisreduktionen beherrscht werden. In schweren Fällen ist jedoch der Abbruch der Therapie notwendig. Insgesamt findet sich für alle Zytokintherapien eine Vielzahl häufiger, aber auch seltener kutaner NW, die dem Anwender vor allem bei steigender klinischer Verabreichung bekannt sein sollten. Diese kutanen NW sind Gegenstand dieser Übersicht.
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Phone: +49/30/450518016
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