Z Gastroenterol 2003; 41(9): 929-936
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41853
Übersicht
© Karl Demeter Verlag im Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Appetitregulation durch Ghrelin - ein neues neuroendokrines gastrales Peptidhormon der Gut-Brain-Achse

Appetite Regulation by Ghrelin - a Novel Neuro-Endocrine Gastric Peptidhormone in the Gut-Brain-AxisD. Hagemann1 , J. J. Meier1 , B. Gallwitz1 , W. E. Schmidt1
  • 1Medizinische Klinik I, St.-Josef-Hospital Bochum, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Further Information

Publication History

Manuskript-Eingang: 20. Februar 2003

Annahme nach Revision: 20. März 2003

Publication Date:
17 September 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Ghrelin, ein 28 Aminosäuren langes Peptid wurde 1999 erstmals im Magen entdeckt. Es wird überwiegend in X/A-ähnlichen endokrinen Zellen der humanen Magenmukosa, aber auch in anderen Organen gebildet, unter anderem in der Hypophyse, dem Hypothalamus und dem Pankreas. Ghrelin bindet an einen Rezeptor, der zur Familie der 7 transmembranären G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren gehört. Er konnte in der Hypophyse, dem Hypothalamus, dem Magen, dem Herz, der Lunge, den Nieren, dem Darm, dem Fettgewebe und zahlreichen anderen Geweben nachgewiesen werden. Entsprechend der weiten Verbreitung des Peptidhormons und seines Rezeptors sind die biologischen Wirkungen mannigfach: Ghrelin führt zu einer Wachstumshormonfreisetzung sowie zu einem Anstieg der ACTH-, Kortisol-, Epinephrin- und Prolaktinkonzentrationen im Serum. Ghrelin induziert die Synthese von Neuropeptid Y (NPY) und Agouti-related Protein (AGP) im Nucleus arcuatus, durch die es zu einer vermehrten Nahrungsaufnahme und einer Zunahme des Körpergewichts kommt. Ghrelin führt ferner zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der Plasmaglukose. In der Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme wird ein physiologischer Antagonismus zwischen Ghrelin und dem Inkretinhormon GLP-1 auf hypothalamischer Ebene diskutiert. Der Ghrelinserumspiegel wird durch den Ernährungszustand beeinflusst und korreliert negativ mit dem Bodymass-Index. Ferner steigt er vor einer Nahrungsaufnahme an und fällt postprandial temporär ab. Ghrelin übt durch Aktivierung vagaler Bahnen einen modulierenden Einfluss auf die gastrointestinale Motilität und die gastrale Säuresekretion aus.

Die Entdeckung von Ghrelin trägt maßgeblich zum Verständnis der Sekretion von Wachstumshormonen, der Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme und der Gewichtsregulation bei.

Abstract

Ghrelin a novel peptide consisting of 28 amino acids was first identified in the stomach in 1999. It is mainly produced in endocrine cells of the human gastric mucosa, but it was also found in several other tissues e. g. in the pituitary, the hypothalmus and the pancreas. The functional receptor belongs to the family of the 7-transmembrane G-protein receptors and is predominantly detected in the pituitary and at lower levels in hypothalamic nuclei, the stomach, heart, lungs, kidneys, gut, the adipose and many other tissues. According to the widespread distribution of the peptide and its receptor, ghrelin has multiple biological effects: It stimulates the release of growth hormone in the pituitary and induces a rise in the serum concentration of ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines and prolactin. Ghrelin causes an increase of food intake and body weight by stimulating the production of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGP) in the nucleus arcuatus. It further leads to elevated concentrations of plasma glucose. A physiological antagonism between ghrelin and GLP-1 in the hypothalamic regulation of appetite is being discussed. The basic serum level of ghrelin depends on the state of nutrition and is negatively correlated with the body-mass-index. It shows a certain pattern of variation before and after food intake with a preprandial increase and a postprandial decrease. Ghrelin modulates gastric acid secretion and the gastrointestinal motility via vagal cholinergic pathways.

The discovery of Ghrelin definitely contributes to the understanding of the growth-hormon secretion and of the regulation of appetite and food intake.

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Dr. med. Dirk Hagemann

Medizinische Klinik I, St.-Josef-Hospital Bochum, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum

Gudrunstraße 56

44791 Bochum

Email: Dirk.Hagemann@ruhr-uni-bochum.de

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