Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz von Heparin, Heparinoiden und Vitamin-K-Antagonisten zur Akutbehandlung
bzw. Prävention von Schlaganfällen wird heutzutage kontrovers diskutiert. Bei Vorhofflimmern
und -flattern wird eine orale Antikoagulation insbesondere bei Hochrisikopatienten
befürwortet. Als weitere Indikationen werden Erkrankungen mit hohem kardialen Embolierisiko
(z. B. mechanische Herzklappen und intrakardiale Thromben), symptomatische Dissektionen
hirnversorgender Arterien, Basilaris- und Sinusvenen-Thrombose sowie Erkrankungen
mit vorwiegend genetisch bedingter Thrombophilie angesehen. Da für viele Befundkonstellationen
das Verhältnis von Nutzen und Risiko einer Antikoagulation bislang nicht durch aussagekräftige
Studien geklärt ist, sollten therapeutische Entscheidungen unter Berücksichtigung
des individuellen Risikoprofils und der spezifischen Pathophysiologie der abgelaufenen
zerebralen Ischämie getroffen werden.
Summary
Therapeutic benefit of heparin, heparinoids and Vitamin-K-antagonists in acute stroke
as well as in stroke prevention is still a controversial issue. In patients with
atrial fibrillation and flutter, oral anticoagulation is recommended when further
high risk factors are present. Most experts agree that anticoagulation therapy is
useful in disorders with increased cardiogenic embolisation risk (e. g. mechanical
valves and intracardiac thrombus), symptomatic dissection of brain-supplying arteries,
thrombosis of the basilar artery, sinus venous thrombosis, and in thrombophilia.
Since for many clinical constellations controlled randomized studies differentially
assessing the benefits and the risks of anticoagulation are lacking, therapeutic
decisions have to be based on the patients individual risk profile and pathophysiology
of cerebral ischemia.
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Dr. U. Walter
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Rostock
Gehlsheimer Straße 20
18147 Rostock
Phone: 0381/4949696
Fax: 0381/4949512
Email: uwe.walter@med.uni-rostock.de