Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Wir analysierten prospektiv die Wirksamkeit und Wirkdauer von Botulinum-A-Toxin bei
der Behandlung der Detrusorhyperreflexie bei Kindern mit Myelomeningozele. Material und Methode: 12 Kinder (8 Buben und 5 Mädchen, durchschnittliches Alter 5,8 Jahre) waren Nonresponder
auf orale und intravesikale anticholinergische Therapie und standen alle aufgrund
von MMC unter intermittierenden Katheterismus (CIC). Bei allen Patienten wurde vor
Behandlung eine Videourodynamik sowie ein Inkontinenzscoring und ein MAG 3-Nierenscan
durchgeführt. Wir injizierten in den Detrusor 10 U/kg bis zu einem Maximum von 360
U Botulinum-A-Toxin in etwa 25 bis 40 Stellen, wobei jedes Mal das Trigonum ausgespart
wurde. Der Follow-up betrug 24 Monate. Alle Kinder wurden einer urodynamischen Reevaluierung
sowie einer Blasenkapazitätsmessung mit Inkontinenzscore in den Monaten 3, 9 und 12
unterzogen. Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Blasenreflexvolumen vergrößerte sich von 72,00 ± 28,12 ml auf 298 ±
32,45 ml (p < 0,001). Der max. Detrusordruck nahm von 78,76 ± 23,14 cm H2 O auf 42,76 ± 24,34 cm H2 O (p < 0,001) ab. Die maximale Blasenkapazität vergrößerte sich von 136,34 ± 45,71
ml auf 297,02 ± 87,70 ml (p < 0,001). Die Detrusorcompliance nahm von 18,29 ± 27,19
ml/cm H2 O auf 51,17 ± 38,17 ml/cm H2 O (p < 0,001) ab. 10 Patienten erzielten komplette Trockenheit zwischen dem intermittierenden
Selbstkatheterismus. Die verbleibenden 2 Patienten verbesserten sich anhand des Inkontinenzscore
von 3 auf 1. Die Ergebnisse nach 9 Monaten waren denen von 3 Monaten gleichwertig.
Die mittlere Wirkdauer des Toxins nach der ersten intravesikalen Behandlung betrug
10,5 Monate. Schlussfolgerung: Botulinum-A-Toxin kann als eine alternative und sichere Therapieoption bei der Behandlung
der Detrusorhyperreflexie von MMC-Kindern angesehen werden. Unsere Ergebnisse sind,
was die urodynamischen Parameter und Kontinenzraten betrifft, äußerst viel versprechend.
Abstract
Purpose: The efficacy and durability of botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia
in myelomeningocele (MMC) children was evaluated prospectively. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 children (10 male and 5 female, mean age 5.8 years), all on clean intermittent
catheterisation (CIC) due to MMC, were “non responders” to orally and intravesically
administered anticholinergic medication. Pretreatment assessment included a videourodynamic
evaluation, incontinence scoring and a mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 renal scan. We injected
from 10 U/kg up to a maximum of 360 U botulinum-A toxin at 25 - 40 sites of the detrusor,
sparing the trigone. Follow-up was 24 months. All children had a urodynamic reevaluation
with assessment of bladder capacity and incontinence score at 3, 9 and 12 months.
Results: Mean bladder reflex volume increased from 72.00 ± 28.12 ml to 298 ± 32.45 ml (p <
0.001). The maximal detrusor pressure decreased from 78.76 ± 23.14 cm H2 O to 42.76 ± 24.34 cm H2 O (p < 0.001). Maximal bladder capacity increased from 136.34 ± 45.71 ml to 297.02
± 87.17 ml (p < 0.001). Detrusor compliance increased from 18.29 ± 27.19 ml/cm H2 O to 51.17 ± 38.17 ml/mmH2 O (p < 0.001). While 10 patients became completely dry between CIC, the remaining
2 patients improved from score 3 to 1. Results at 9 months were similar to the ones
at 3 months. The mean efficacy and durability of the toxin was 10.5 months after the
first intravesical injection. Conclusions: Botulinum-A toxin is a safe alternative in the management of detrusor hyperreflexia
in MMC children. Preliminary results are promising concerning urodynamic parameters
and continence.
Schlüsselwörter
Blase - Myelomeningozele - Butolinum-A-Toxin - Kinder
Key words
Bladder - myelomeningocele - botulinum-A toxin - children
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Dr. Lukas Lusuardi
Department für Kinderurologie · Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern
Seilerstätte 4
A-4010 Linz
Phone: +43 (0) 732 7677 7470
Fax: +43 (0) 732 7677 7497
Email: l_lusuardi@hotmail.com