Download PDF
Semin Neurol 2003; 23(3): 231-240
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-814743
Copyright © 2003 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Current Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Dementia

Richard J. Caselli
  • Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
14 January 2004 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Aging, memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, and other forms of dementia assume increasing importance to patients, physicians, and society as our population becomes older. Mild cognitive impairment, topography and semiology of dementia syndromes, reversible forms of dementia, dementia therapy, driving, genetic testing of patients and family members, and caregiver risk are reviewed.

KEYWORDS

Alzheimer's disease - dementia - memory loss - dementia with Lewy bodies - memory - mild cognitive impairment - reversible dementia

REFERENCES

  • 1 Morris J C, Storandt M, Miller J P. et al . Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease.  Arch Neurol . 2001;  58 397-405
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Petersen R C, Doody R, Kurz A. et al . Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment.  Arch Neurol . 2001;  58 1985-1992
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Dubinsky R M, Stein A C, Lyons K. Risk of driving and Alzheimer's disease (an evidence based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.  Neurology . 2000;  54 2205-2211
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Caselli R J, Reiman E M, Stelmach G E. et al . Progressive apraxia in clinically discordant monozygotic twins.  Arch Neurol . 1995;  52 1004-1010
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Caselli R J, Stelmach G E, Caviness J N. et al . A kinematic study of progressive apraxia with and without dementia.  Mov Disord . 1999;  14 276-287
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Caselli R J, Jack Jr R C, Petersen R C. et al . Asymmetric cortical degenerative syndromes: Clinical and radiologic correlations.  Neurology . 1992;  42 1462-1468
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Caselli R J, Jack Jr R C. Asymmetrical cortical degeneration syndromes: a proposed clinical classification.  Arch Neurol . 1992;  49 770-780
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Caselli R J. Asymmetric cortical degeneration: syndromes and diseases.  Neurologist . 1995;  1 1-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Caselli R J. Asymmetric cortical degeneration syndromes.  Curr Opin Neurol . 1996;  9 276-280
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Boeve B F, Maraganore D M, Parisi J E. et al . Pathologic heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed corticobasal degeneration.  Neurology . 1999;  53 795-800
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Caselli R J. Corticobasal degeneration: its relationship to other asymmetric cortical degenerative syndromes.  Adv Neurol . 2000;  82 35-51
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Caselli R J. Visual syndromes as the presenting feature of degenerative brain disease.  Semin Neurol . 2000;  20 139-144
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Caselli R J. Topography, histology, and seminology in dementia (letter).  Arch Neurol . 2000;  57 899
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Caselli R J, Beach T G, Sue L I, Connor D J, Sabbagh M N. Progressive aphasia with Lewy bodies.  Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord . 2002;  14 55-58
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Caselli R J, Boeve B F, Scheithauer B W. et al . Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis (NAIM): a reversible form of encephalopathy.  Neurology . 1999;  53 1579-1581
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 McKeith I G, Galasko D, Kosaka K. et al . Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop.  Neurology . 1996;  47 1113-1124
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Caselli R J, Couce M E, Osborne D. et al . From slowly progressive amnesic syndrome to rapidly progressive Alzheimer disease.  Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord . 1998;  12 251-253
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Boeve B F, Silber M H, Ferman T J, Lucas J A, Parisi J E. Association of REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative disease may reflect an underlying synucleinopathy.  Mov Disord . 2001;  16 622-630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Shumaker S A, Legault C, Rapp S R. et al . Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. The women's health initiative memory study: a randomized controlled trial.  JAMA . 2003;  289 2651-2662
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Aisen P S, Schafer K A, Grundman M. et al . Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression. A randomized controlled trial.  JAMA . 2003;  289 2819-1826
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Morris J C. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules.  Neurology . 1993;  43 2412-2414
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Hunt L, Morris J C, Edwards D, Wilson B S. Driving performance in persons with mild senile dementia.  J Am Geriatr Soc . 1993;  41 747-752
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Flitten L J, Perryman K M, Wilkinson C J. et al . Alzheimer and vascular dementias and driving.  JAMA . 1995;  273 1360-1365
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hunt L A, Murphy C F, Carr D, Duchek J M, Buckles V, Morris J C. Reliability of the Washington University Road Test: a performance based assessment for drivers with dementia of the Alzheimer type.  Arch Neurol . 1997;  54 707-712
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Fox G K, Bowden S C, Bashford G M, Smith D S. Alzheimer disease and driving: prediction and assessment of driving performance.  J Am Geriatr Soc . 1997;  45 949-953
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Duchek J M, Hunt L, Ball K, Buckles V, Morris J C. Attention and driving performance in Alzheimer's disease.  J Gerontol . 1998;  53 130-141
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Rebok G W, Keyl P M, Bylsma F W, Blaustein M J, Tune L. The effects of Alzheimer's disease on driving-related abilities.  Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord . 1994;  8 228-240
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Rizzo M, Reinach S, McGehee D, Dawson J. Simulated car crashes and crash predictors in Alzheimer disease.  Arch Neurol . 1997;  54 545-551
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Cox D J, McQuillian W C, Thorndike F P, Kovatchev B P, Hanna G. Evaluating driving performance of outpatients with Alzheimer's disease.  J Am Board Fam Pract . 1998;  11 264-271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Drachman D A, Swearer J M. Driving and Alzheimer's disease: the risk of crashes.  Neurology . 1993;  43 2448-2456
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Logsdon R G, Teri L, Larson E B. Driving and Alzheimer's disease.  J Gen Intern Med . 1992;  7 583-588
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Sherrington R, Rogaev E L, Liang Y. et al . Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutation in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease.  Nature . 1995;  375 754-760
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Wisniewski K E, Wiesniewski H M, Wen G Y. Occurrence of neuropathological changes and dementia of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome.  Ann Neurol . 1985;  17 278-282
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Levy-Lahad E, Wasco W, Pookaj P. et al . Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus.  Science . 1995;  269 973-977
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Hardy J, Higgins G. Alzheimer's disease-the amyloid cascade hypothesis.  Science . 1992;  256 184-185
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Corder E H, Saunders A M, Strittmatter W J. et al . Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families.  Science . 1993;  261 921-923
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Saunders A M, Strittmatter W J, Schmechel D. et al . Association of apolipoprotein E e4 allele with late onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease.  Neurology . 1993;  43 1467-1472
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Ertekin-Taner N, Graff-Radford N R, Younkin L H. et al . Linkage of plasma Abeta42 to a quantitative locus on chromosome 10 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pedigrees.  Science . 2000;  290 2303-2304
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Wu W S, Holmans P, Wavrant-DeVrieze F. et al . Genetic studies on chromosome 12 in late-onset Alzheimer disease.  JAMA . 1998;  280 619-622
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Caselli R J, Reiman E M, Hentz J G, Osborne D, Alexander G E, Boeve B F. A distinctive interaction between memory and chronic daytime somnolence in asymptomatic APOE e4 homozygotes.  Sleep . 2002;  25 447-453
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Caselli R J, Reiman E M, Hentz J G, Osborne D, Alexander G E. A distinctive interaction between chronic anxiety and problem solving in APOE e4 homozygotes (in press).  J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Caselli R J, Graff-Radford N R, Reiman E M. et al . Preclinical memory decline in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E-e4 homozygotes.  Neurology . 1999;  53 201-207
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Caselli R J, Osborne D, Reiman E M. et al . Preclinical cognitive decline in late middle-aged asymptomatic apolipoprotein E-e4/4 homozygotes: a replication study.  J Neurol Sci . 2001;  189 93-98
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Baxter L C, Caselli R J, Johnson S C, Reiman E M, Osborne D. Apolipoprotein E varepsilon 4 affects new learning in cognitively normal individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.  Neurobiol Aging . 2003;  24 947-952
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Reiman E M, Caselli R J, Yun L S. et al . Preclinical evidence of a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in apolipoprotein E type 4 homozygotes using positron emission tomography (with editorial).  N Engl J Med . 1996;  334 752-758
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Reiman E M, Caselli R J, Chen K, Alexander G E, Bandy D, Frost J. Declining brain activity in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E e4 heterozygotes: a foundation for testing Alzheimer's dementia prevention therapies.  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2001;  98 3334-3339
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Reiman E M, Caselli R J, Alexander G E, Chen K. Tracking the decline in cerebral glucose metabolism in persons and laboratory animals at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.  Clin Neurosci Res . 2001;  28 194-206
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Reiman E M, Chen K, Alexander G E. et al . Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia (in press).  Proc Natl Acad Sci.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Relkin N R, Kwon Y J, Tsai J, Gandy S. The National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association recommendations on the application of apolipoprotein E genotyping to Alzheimer's disease.  Ann N Y Acad Sci . 1996;  802 149-176
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Eastley R, Wilcock G K. Prevalence and correlates of aggressive behaviours occurring in patients with Alzheimer's disease.  Int J Geriatr Psychiatry . 1997;  12 484-487
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Mendez M F, Perryman K M, Miller B L, Cummings J L. Behavioral differences between frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a comparison on the BEHAVE-AD rating scale.  Int Psychogeriatr . 1998;  10 155-162
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
      >