Aminoglykosid- und Cisplatin-Ototoxizität: von der Grundlagenforschung zur Klinik

Zusammenfassung

Gentamicin und Cisplatin sind trotz der bekannten Oto- und Nephrotoxizität klinisch häufig verwendete Pharmaka. Bezüglich der Pathomechanismen der Nebenwirkungen auf das Innenohr wie auch der Protektionsmöglichkeiten finden sich Ähnlichkeiten, aber auch einige Unterschiede. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die Bedeutung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies, des antioxidativen Abwehrsystems, des zellulären Eisens und Kalziums sowie des Stickstoffmonoxids und der Neurotrophine für die Gentamicin- und Cisplatin-Ototoxizität beschrieben. Weiterhin wird auf Zelltodmechanismen sowie auf die Bedeutung der Mitochondrien für zellschädigende Prozesse näher eingegangen.

Abstract

Gentamicin and cisplatin are clinically widely used pharmacological agents which may induce irreversible hearing loss as a side effect. Concerning the pathomechanisms of ototoxicity as well as preventive strategies there are similarities but also some differences. In this review we focus on the role of reactive oxygen species, the antioxidant system, cellular iron and calcium as well as nitric oxide and neurotrophins on gentamicin- and cisplatin-ototoxicity. Furthermore we deal with apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as the role of mitochondria in these cell injury processes.

Schlüsselwörter

Gentamicin - Cisplatin - Eisen - reaktive Sauerstoffspezies - Mitochondrien

Key words

Gentamicin - cisplatin - iron - reactive oxygen species - mitochondria

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