Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die moderne Kataraktchirurgie unter Verwendung von Viskoelastika kann bei Glaukompatienten
zu frühen postoperativen Anstiegen des intraokularen Drucks (IOD) führen. Patienten und Methode: Ziel einer prospektiven Untersuchung war die Analyse von Risikokonstellationen, die
bei Augen mit terminalem glaukomatösen Papillenschaden hinweisend für einen frühen
Augeninnendruckanstieg sind. Die Clear-Cornea-Phakoemulsifikation mit Implantation
einer Acryl-Faltlinse wurde entweder in Tropfanästhesie oder in Intubationsnarkose
von einem Operateur bei 25 Augen ohne Voroperationen durchgeführt. Alle Augen wiesen
eine subtotale glaukomatöse Papillenexkavation (C/D-Quotient 0,9) wegen eines primären
Offenwinkel- (inkl. Normaldruckglaukoms) oder Pseudoexfoliationsglaukoms (PEX) auf.
Bei PEX wurde der Eingriff durch eine Trabekelaspiration ergänzt. Applanatorische
IOD-Messungen wurden präoperativ, 4 h postoperativ sowie am 1. postoperativen Tag
durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Der mittlere Augeninnendruck präoperativ betrug 18,5 ± 4,2 mm Hg unter 2,1 ± 1,0
topischen Antiglaukomatosa. 4 h postoperativ lag der mittlere IOD bei 31,3 ± 11,9
mm Hg. Der frühe postoperative Augendruck korrelierte signifikant mit dem vom Patienten
in der Anamnese angegebenen höchsten IOD (p = 0,014). Nach zusätzlicher Trabekelaspiration
lag der postoperative Augendruck der PEX-Augen mit 28,5 ± 12,0 mm Hg (n = 12) etwas
niedriger - allerdings ohne signifikanten Unterschied zu den restlichen Augen (n =
13). Schlussfolgerungen: Bei Patienten mit terminalem glaukomatösen Papillenschaden und anamnestisch hohen
IOD-Werten ist mit deutlichen Augendruckspitzen in der frühen postoperativen Phase
zu rechnen, auch wenn präoperativ der Augendruck unter Lokalmedikation reguliert ist.
Ein postoperatives Augendruckmonitoring am Tag der Operation ist daher ratsam.
Abstract
Background: Modern cataract surgery with use of viscoelastics can induce remarkable early spikes
of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma. Patients and Methods: The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate risk factors for an early
increase of the IOP following cataract surgery in eyes with end-stage glaucoma. Clear
cornea phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable acrylic lens was performed
in 25 eyes with end-stage glaucoma (primary open-angle glaucoma including normal tension
glaucoma or exfoliative glaucoma) either under topical anesthesia or under general
anesthesia. In eyes with exfoliative glaucoma, trabecular aspiration was performed
additionally. IOP measurements were conducted at the day before surgery, 4 hours following
surgery and on the first morning following surgery. Results: Cataract surgery was performed without complications. The mean IOP was 18.5 ± 4.2
mm Hg with 2.1 ± 1.0 topical medications. 4 hours postoperatively, mean IOP was 31.3
± 11.9 mm Hg. In eyes with exfoliative glaucoma (n = 12) the early postoperative IOP
was 28.5 ± 12.0 mm Hg, but without significant difference compared to eyes with POAG
(n = 13). The early postoperative IOP showed significant correlation with the maximum
IOP in patient’s history (p = 0.014). Conclusions: Patients with late-stage glaucoma can experience considerable early IOP spikes following
uneventful cataract surgery, although preoperatively IOP is controlled by topical
medications. Postoperative IOP monitoring is recommended at the day of surgery, especially
if high IOP values are reported in patient’s history.
Schlüsselwörter
Glaukom - Augeninnendruck - Sehnervschaden - Trabekelaspiration - Phakoemulsifikation
- Kataraktchirurgie
Key words
Glaucoma - intraocular pressure - optic nerve damage - trabecular aspiration - phacoemulsification
- cataract surgery
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PD Dr. Thomas S. Dietlein
Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität Köln
Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9
50931 Köln
Phone: ++ 49/2 21/4 78 50 46
Fax: ++ 49/2 21/4 78 31 00
Email: Thomas.Dietlein@uk-koeln.de