Zusammenfassung
Spiritualität scheint in jüngerer Zeit verstärkt an die Stelle traditioneller
Religiosität zu treten. Offenbar zeigen breite Kreise verstärktes Interesse an
Spiritualität. Mittlerweile findet dieses Interesse auch in Wissenschaftskreisen
Anklang, wenn auch nur langsam. Dies hat mit der komplexen Geschichte der Wissenschaft
als Kind der Aufklärung und damit in partieller Opposition zur verfassten Religion
zu tun. Die zumindest begriffliche Trennung zwischen Spiritualität und Religion
kann bei einem erweiterten Verständnis behilflich sein. Spiritualität als Erfahrungselement
kann hierbei ohne weiteres Gegenstand der Wissenschaft werden und sollte dies
auch.
Der Forschungsüberblick zeigt, dass Spiritualität für Patienten als Ressource
betrachtet werden kann, die starke präventive Bedeutung hat. Spirituell begründete
Interventionsformen, etwa das auf Achtsamkeit zurückgehende MBSR-Programm, haben
sich als wirksam erwiesen und tragen dazu bei, die Bedeutung spiritueller Praxis
weiteren Kreisen über die unmittelbar wohltuenden therapeutischen Effekte zu
erschließen. Darüber hinaus haben unsere eigenen Untersuchungen ergeben, dass
spirituelle Erfahrungen einen protektiven Einfluss auf psychische Belastung ausüben.
Spirituelles Praktizieren fängt dabei vor allem destabilisierende Effekte auf.
Spirituelles Nichtpraktizieren könnte möglicherweise einen gesundheitlichen Risikofaktor
darstellen. Erste interessante Befunde liegen auf vielen Ebenen vor.
Summary
Spirituality seems to increasingly take the place of traditional religion. Many
people are beginning to show interest in spirituality, even among scientists,
although here the topic is taken up reluctantly. This has to do with the complex
history of science as a child of the enlightenment movement, which resulted in
a partially antagonistic stance between science and religion. Distinguishing between
religion and spirituality might help clearing up misunderstandings. Spirituality
being the experiential side of religion can become an object for scientific study.
An overview of empirical research shows that spirituality can be a resource for
patients with a strong preventive aspect. Interventions that are rooted in spiritual
traditions such as mindfulness based stress reduction have been effective and
are motors for popularising spirituality and therapeutic effects derived from
it. Our own research has shown that spiritual experiences are protective for psychological
health. Spiritual practice seems to buffer destabilising effects. Thus, not
practicing spirituality might advance to become a risk factor for mental health.
Schlüsselwörter
Religion und Medizin - Spiritualität und Wissenschaft - Gesundheit - Krebspatienten
- Meditation
Keywords
religion and medicine - spirituality and science - health - cancer patients - meditation
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Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. Dr Harald Walach
Universitätsklinikum Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene
Hugstetterstr. 55
79106 Freiburg
Email: harald.walach@uniklinik-freiburg.de