Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Effektivität der Cochlea-Implantatversorgung hängt neben vielen anderen Faktoren
von der Anzahl der erregbaren Spiralganglienzellen (SGZ) sowie dem Nerv-Elektroden-Interface
ab. Frühere Studien konnten für neurotrophe Faktoren im Tierversuch den Nachweis eines
verbesserten SGZ-Überlebens nach experimentell induzierter Ertaubung erbringen. Glukokortikoide
(z. B. Dexamethason) sind aufgrund ihrer anti-inflammatorischen und anti-proliferativen
Wirkung potenziell interessante Pharmaka, um die Bindegewebsneubildung um den Elektrodenträger
in der Cochlea zu unterdrücken. Die biologischen Effekte einer kombinierten Intervention
von neurotrophen Faktoren und Steroiden auf SGZ sind bisher unbekannt. Ziel unserer
Untersuchung war es daher, mögliche trophische oder toxische Effekte von BDNF (brain-derived
neurotrophic factor), GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) und Dexamethason
auf das Neuritenwachstum kultivierter SGZ zu untersuchen. Methode: Mittels Kultivierung isolierter postnataler Spiralganglienzellen (p3 - 5) wurde in
der vorliegenden Studie der Einfluss der genannten Faktoren in verschiedenen Konzentrationen
und Kombinationen auf das Auswachsverhalten von Spiralganglienzellneuriten untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen ein signifikantes Aussprossen der SGZ-Neuriten nach alleiniger
BDNF-Gabe (50 ng/ml), aber auch für die kombinierte Gabe von BDNF mit Dexamethason
(100 ng/ml). Die alleinige Applikation von GDNF oder Dexamethason in unterschiedlichen
Konzentrationen bewirkte dagegen keine signifikante Veränderung des Neuritenauswachsverhaltens
im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Eine Reduktion des durch neurotrophe Faktoren induzierten Neuritenwachstums durch
gleichzeitige Gabe von Dexamethason konnte nicht beobachtet werden. Die vorgestellten
Ergebnisse stellen damit die Grundlage weitergehender Untersuchungen im Tiermodell
dar.
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of cochlear implant performance depends, among many other factors, on
the number of excitable spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) and the nerve-electrode interface.
In earlier animal studies it has been demonstrated that neurotrophic factors are effective
to improve SGC survival after experimentally induced deafness. With regard to their
anti-inflammatoric and anti-proliferative effects, glucocorticoids (e. g. dexamethasone)
are potentially interesting therapeutic agents to reduce connective tissue formation
around the inserted electrode. The biological effects of a combined intervention of
neurotrophic factors with steroids on SGCs are unknown. Therefore the objective of
the study was to investigate possible trophic or even toxic effects of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and
dexamethasone on neurite outgrowth of cultivated SGCs. Methods: By using dissociated postnatal spiral ganglion cells (p3 - 5) for cultivation in
the present study, the influence of the mentioned factors in various concentrations
and combinations on neurite outgrowth of SGCs was analysed. Results: Our results indicate significant trophic effects for BDNF (50 ng/ml) and a combination
of BDNF with dexamethasone (100 ng/ml) on SGC neurite outgrowth. In contrast, single
application of GDNF or dexamethasone in different concentrations caused no significant
changes on neurite outgrowth when compared to the control condition. Conclusions: Neurite outgrowth induced by neurotrophic factors could not be observed to be reduced
when dexamethasone is given at the same time. Therefore the demonstrated results provide
a basis for further animal studies in this field of research.
Schlüsselwörter
Spiralganglion - SGZ - neurotropher Faktor - BDNF - GDNF - Dexamethason
Key words
spiral ganglion - SGC - neurotrophic factor - BDNF - GDNF - dexamethasone
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1 Die Autoren danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) für ihre Projektunterstützung
(SFB 599, Teilprojekt D2).
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Timo Stöver
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, OE 6500
Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1 30625 Hannover
Email: Stoever.Timo@MH-Hannover.de