Beatmung bei Sepsis

Schlüsselwörter

akutes Lungenversagen - ventilator-assoziierter Lungenschaden - nicht-invasive Beatmung - positiv-endexspiratorischer Druck - Entwöhnung - Bauchlage - Stickstoffmonoxid

Key words

acute lung injury - acute respiratory distress syndrome - ventilator-associated lung injury - non-invasive ventilation - positive end-expiratory pressure - weaning - prone position - nitric oxide

Literatur

• 1 Abraham E, Laterre P F, Garg R. et al . Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death.  N Engl J Med. 2005;  353 1332-1341
• 2 Bernard G R, Artigas A, Brigham K L. et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS . Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;  149 818-824
• 3 Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S. et al . Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;  150 896-903
• 4 Brower R G, Lanken P N, MacIntyre N. et al . Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2004;  351 327-336
• 5 Dellinger R P, Carlet J M, Masur H. et al . Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock.  Crit Care Med. 2004;  32 858-873
• 6 Ely E W, Baker A M, Dunagan D P. et al . Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously.  N Engl J Med. 1996;  335 1864-1869
• 7 Esteban A, Alia I, Gordo F. et al . Extubation outcome after spontaneous breathing trials with T-tube or pressure support ventilation.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;  156 459-465
• 8 Esteban A, Alia I, Gordo F. et al . Prospective randomized trial comparing pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation in ARDS.  Chest. 2000;  117 1690-1696
• 9 Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M. et al . Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2006;  354 1775-1786
• 10 Gattinoni L, Pelosi P, Suter P M. et al . Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. Different syndromes?.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;  158 3-11
• 11 Gattinoni L, Tognoni G, Pesenti A. et al . Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure.  N Engl J Med. 2001;  345 568-573
• 12 Guerin C, Gaillard S, Lemasson S. et al . Effects of systematic prone positioning in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2004;  292 2379-2387
• 13 Mancebo J, Fernandez R, Blanch L. et al . A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;  173 1233-1239
• 14 Nieszkowska A, Lu Q, Vieira S. et al . Incidence and regional distribution of lung overinflation during mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure.  Crit Care Med. 2004;  32 1496-1503
• 15 Pfeiffer B, Hachenberg T, Wendt M, Marshall B. Mechanical ventilation with permissive hypercapnia increases intrapulmonary shunt in septic and nonseptic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.  Crit Care Med. 2002;  30 285-289
• 16 Piehl M A, Brown R S. Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure.  Crit Care Med. 1976;  4 13-14
• 17 Pinhu L, Whitehead T, Evans T, Griffiths M. Ventilator-associated lung injury.  Lancet. 2003;  361 332-340
• 18 Putensen C, Mutz N J, Putensen-Himmer G, Zinserling J. Spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support improves ventilation-perfusion distributions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;  159 1241-1248
• 19 Putensen C, Zech S, Wrigge H. et al . Long-term effects of spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support in patients with acute lung injury.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;  164 43-49
• 20 Reinhart K, Brunkhorst F M, Bone H G. et al . Diagnose und Therapie der Sepsis. S2-Leitlinien der Deutschen Sepsis-Gesellschaft e. V. (DSG) und der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI).  Intensiv- und Notfallbehandlung. 2006;  1 3-32
• 21 Slutsky A S, Tremblay L N. Multiple system organ failure. Is mechanical ventilation a contributing factor?.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;  157 1721-1725
• 22 The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network . Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2000;  342 1301-1308
• 23 Truwit J D, Bernard G R. Noninvasive ventilation - don’t push too hard.  N Engl J Med. 2004;  350 2512-2515
• 24 Ware L B, Matthay M A. The acute respiratory distress syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2000;  342 1334-1349