Zusammenfassung
Die Apoptose ist ein zentraler Mechanismus in der Zellhomöostase. Apoptose und Zellproliferation
stehen im multizellularen Organismus in einem fein regulierten Gleichgewicht. Die
pathogenetische Ursache für 70 % aller Erkrankungen des Gesamtorganismus ist ein Ungleichgewicht
dieses Systems. Die Apoptose stellt daher einen zentralen Schwerpunkt klinischer und
biologischer Untersuchungen dar. Um die Bedeutsamkeit der Apoptose für die Plastische
Chirurgie zu untersuchen, wurde ihr Einfluss auf Wundheilung und Alterung sowie auf
Ischämie und Reperfusionsschäden in mikrochirurgischen Lappenplastiken anhand bisheriger
Literatur analysiert, zusätzlich erfolgten Recherchen zur Rolle der Apoptose in der
Allotransplantation, in Tumoren und der Angiogenese. In allen dargestellten Teilbereichen
der Plastischen Chirurgie wurde in verschiedensten Studien die hohe Bedeutung der
Apoptose aufgezeigt. Weitere Untersuchungen zu Einfluss und Regulierbarkeit der Apoptose
können ein verbessertes Verständnis plastisch-chirurgischer Krankheitsbilder und der
Entwicklung neuer Therapieoptionen, auch in Überschneidung mit anderen Fachgebieten,
erwirken. Die Apoptoseforschung stellt somit einen essenziellen Anteil für die Weiterentwicklung
des Fachgebietes dar.
Abstract
Apoptosis and cell proliferation are the main mechanisms of cell homeostasis. The
pathogenesis of approximately 70 % of all diseases results from an imbalance between
these two counterparts. Therefore, research on apoptosis is a main target in biological
and clinical fields. Many signalling pathways and proteins involved in their regulation
have been characterized. In order to evaluate the relevance of apoptosis in plastic
surgery, the literature was reviewed for its impact on ischemia and reperfusion concerning
flap surgery as well as wound healing and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the relevance
of apoptosis in ageing, allotransplantation and tumors was investigated. In all subsections
of plastic surgery, a high impact was identified. More studies on the influence and
regulation of apoptosis can bring further understanding on the disease patterns of
plastic surgery and other specialties as well as the development of new therapeutic
options. Research focusing on apoptosis is therefore an essential means for the advancement
of and future trends in plastic surgery.
Schlüsselwörter
Apoptose - Plastische Chirurgie - Transplantation - Wundheilung - Alterung - Lappenplastiken
Key words
Apoptosis - plastic surgery - transplantation - wound healing - ageing - flaps
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Dr. med. Claudia Yeong-Un Choi
Klinik für Plastische, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1
30625 Hannover
Email: choi.claudia@mh-hannover.de
