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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-956287
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Orale antidiabetische Therapie
Oral antidiabetic therapyPublication History
eingereicht: 22.2.2206
akzeptiert: 6.7.2006
Publication Date:
30 November 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Neben einer konsequenten antihyperglykämischen Therapie ist zur Verhinderung mikro- und makrovaskulärer Komplikationen beim Typ-2-Diabetes häufig ein multifaktorieller Therapieansatz nötig. Grundlage der Therapie sollte eine Ernährungsumstellung, flankiert durch eine gesteigerte körperliche Aktivität sein. Das Ziel der antihyperglykämischen Therapie ist eine Absenkung des HbA1c in den Zielbereich (< 6,5 %). Regelmäßige Kontrollen des HbA1c (alle 2 - 6 Monate) sind sinnvoll, um ein Therapieversagen rechtzeitig zu erkennen und die Therapie zu eskalieren. Metformin ist nach Ausschluss von Kontraindikationen das Mittel der ersten Wahl bei der oralen Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Die Vorteile der Glinide im Vergleich zu den Sulfonylharnstoffen liegen vor allem in der höheren Flexibilität bezüglich der Nahrungsaufnahme. Obwohl nicht endgültig geklärt, gibt es immer weniger Bedenken gegen eine Metformin-SH-Kombinationstherapie. Die aktuelle NICE-Leitlinie empfiehlt diese Kombinationstherapie sogar jedoch ausdrücklich. Es gibt Hinweise, dass Glitazone über ihre blutzuckersenkende Wirkung hinaus protektive Effekte bei Typ-2-Diabetikern besitzen. Die klinische Bedeutsamkeit dieser Effekte bedarf aber weiterer Bestätigung. Ist eine ausreichende Blutzuckersenkung durch orale Medikation nicht mehr erreichbar, ist es wichtig, schnellstmöglich mit einer Insulintherapie zu beginnen.
Summary
Consistent antihyperglycaemic treatment for preventing vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) often require the application of several measures. The basis of such treatment should be dietary changes and increased physical exercise. The target of antiglycemic treatment is the reduction of HbA1c to below 6.5%. Regular monitoring of HbA1c every 2-6 months is reasonable in order to recognize therapeutic failure early and adapt treatment accordingly. Metformin is the drug of first choice for the oral treatment of 2DM, once possible contraindications having been excluded. The advantage of glinides, compared with sulfonylureas, is mainly in allowing greater dietary flexibility. Although not finally decided, there are ever fewer objections against combined metformin and sulphonylurea treatment. The current guidelines of the (British)National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) specifically recommend this combination treatment. There are pointers to glitazone having protective effects in 2DM beyond its blood-sugar lowering action. However, the clinical significance of these effects requires confirmation. If adequate blood-sugar reduction cannot be achieved with oral medication it is important to initiate insulin administration as soon as possible.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Stephan Schneider
Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinikum
Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Bürkle de la Camp-Platz
44787 Bochum
Phone: 0234-3023469
Fax: 0234-3026415
Email: Stephan.Schneider@rub.de