Zusammenfassung
Die intravenöse Thrombolyse mit tPA ist die einzige zugelassene und effektive spezifische
Therapie des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls. Die Beschränkung der Zulassung auf
die ersten 3 Stunden sowie die Empfehlung, Patienten über 80 Jahren nicht zu behandeln,
sind wesentliche Gründe dafür, dass nicht mehr Patienten mit dieser effektiven Therapie
behandelt werden. Dabei gibt es zunehmend Hinweise, dass Patienten auch jenseits dieser
Beschränkungen sicher und effektiv mittels Thrombolyse behandelt werden können. In
einer Übersicht wird die Datenlage zur systemischen Thrombolyse jenseits des 3 Stunden
Zeitfensters und bei sehr alten Patienten dargestellt und bewertet. Aufgrund dieser
Daten lässt sich sagen, dass (1.) bei Auswahl der Patienten mittels moderner MRT-Bildgebung
eine Thrombolyse zumindest bis zu einem Zeitfenster von 6 Stunden sicher und effektiv
durchführbar ist, und (2.) auch über Achtzigjährige ohne eine Zunahme der Mortalität
oder symptomatischer intrazerebraler Blutungen mittels intravenöser Thrombolyse behandelt
werden können. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass viele akute Schlaganfallpatienten
das Krankenhaus erst außerhalb des 3 Stunden Zeitfensters erreichen, und vor dem Hintergrund
der zunehmenden Überalterung der Gesellschaft mit der Folge einer wachsenden Zahl
alter und sehr alter Schlaganfallpatienten, bedeutet dies, dass sich die Anzahl der
sicher und effektiv mit Thrombolyse behandelbaren Patienten deutlich steigern ließe.
Zusammenfassend ist zu empfehlen, an erfahrenen Zentren akute Schlaganfallpatienten
auch über ein Alter von 80 Jahren hinaus und nach MRT-Kriterien bis zu 6 Stunden nach
Symptombeginn mittels intravenöser Thrombolyse zu behandeln.
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis with tPA is the only approved and effective treatment for
acute ischemic stroke. The approval, however, is restricted to treatment within 3
hours of stroke onset, and it is not recommended to treat patients beyond 80 years
of age. Due to these restrictions, thrombolysis is only given to a small number of
acute stroke patients. At the same time there is growing evidence that patients can
be treated with thrombolysis safely and effectively even beyond these restrictions.
We give an overview over the published data regarding thrombolysis beyond the 3 hour
time window and in patients aged 80 or over. Based on these data we conclude that
(1.) intravenous thrombolysis in MRI selected patients is safe and effective within
an extended time window of up to 6 hours, and (2.) there is no increase in mortality
or symptomatic intracerebral bleeding complications in patients aged 80 or over treated
with thrombolysis. A great number of acute stroke patients reaches the hospital beyond
the 3 hour time window, and there is a growing number of old and very old stroke patients
in the western world. Treating patients up to a 6 hour time window and beyond the
age of 80 years would clearly increase the number of patients, which might benefit
from this effective treatment. To summarize, we recommend experienced stroke centres
to treat acute stroke patients with thrombolysis up to 6 hours using MRI criteria
for patient selection, and to treat also patients aged 80 years or older.
Schlüsselwörter
Akuter Schlaganfall - intravenöse Thrombolyse - diffusions- und perfusionsgewichtetes
MRT - 80 Jahre und älter
Key words
stroke, acute - thrombolytic therapy - diffusion and perfusion weighted MRI - aged,
80 and over
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Dr. med. Götz Thomalla
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Neuro-Zentrum Uniklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistr. 52
20246 Hamburg
Email: thomalla@uke.uni-hamburg.de