Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die Nackentransparenzmessung (NT) im ersten Trimester ist eine sensitive Methode
zur Feststellung des Risikos fetaler Chromosomenanomalien oder anderer Defekte. Nicht
nur erfahrene Ultraschalluntersucher, sondern insbesondere Ärzte in Ausbildung müssen
regelmäßig trainieren, um die Qualitätstandards der Fetal Medicine Foundation zu erfüllen.
Das Ziel der Untersuchung war die Evaluation der Lernkurve der auszubildenden Ärzte/Innen
bis zum Erreichen von konstanten und korrekten Resultaten. Material und Methoden: Im Zeitraum vom 30.6.1997 bis 8.8.2003 wurden 4450 NT-Messungen bei Schwangeren,
die uns zur NT-Messung und pränatalen Beratung zugewiesen wurden (Low- und High-risk-Kollektiv),
zwischen 11 + 3 und 13 + 6 SSW durchgeführt. Für die Analyse der Lernkurve wurden
alle NT-Messungen ausgeschlossen, die entweder von erfahrenen Ultraschalluntersuchern
oder von Auszubildenden mit weniger als 70 Messungen am Ende ihres Trainings durchgeführt
wurden. Das Hauptqualitätskriterium war die Anzahl Fälle über dem Median. Für die
Berechnung der Normalverteilung der NT-Messungen wurde der Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Test
benützt. Ergebnisse: Alle 19 Auszubildenden, die die erwähnten Kriterien erfüllten, hatten im Durchschnitt
131 NT-Messungen (73 - 242) durchgeführt. 13 von 19 Auszubildenden erreichten schlussendlich
die Qualitätskriterien, aber die Mehrheit erzielte eine gute Qualität erst nach 100
NT-Messungen. 6 von 19 erreichten die Qualitätskriterien nie. Erst nach mindestens
50 NT-Messungen lagen 50 % der Messungen oberhalb des Medians, vorher fiel die Messung
meistens zu klein aus. Schlussfolgerung: Die Auswertungen der Lernkurven zeigen, dass regelmäßige Supervisionen und Qualitätskontrollen
zwingend erforderlich sind. Gemäß unseren Resultaten sind mindestens 100 NT-Messungen
empfohlen, bevor sie diagnostisch eingesetzt werden, was über der Zahl liegt, die
in anderen weit verbreiteten Qualitätsprogrammen gefordert wird.
Abstract
Purpose: The measurement of the nuchal translucency (NT) in the 1st trimester is a sensitive,
reliable method to assess the risk of specific fetal chromosomal and other defects.
Training, however, is an issue not only among experienced sonographers, but especially
for ObGyn residents, since all NT measurements in a true screening setting should
fulfil the quality standards. The aim of this study was therefore the evaluation of
the learning curve of residents and determination of the number of measurements necessary
to achieve acceptable results. Materials and Methods: Between 30th June, 1997 and 8th August, 2003, we included 4450 subsequent pregnant women between 11 + 0 and 13 +
6 weeks of gestation referred for an NT scan and prenatal counselling (low and high
risk patients) in the study. For analysis of the learning curve in residents, all
NT scans performed either by the experienced sonographers only or by residents with
less than 70 scans at the end of their training were excluded. As the main quality
criterion, the percentage of cases above the median was used. To test for normal distribution
of NT scans, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Results: Each of 19 residents fulfilling these criteria performed 131 NT scans (73 - 242)
on average. 13 of 19 residents ultimately met the quality criteria, but the majority
of residents achieved good quality only after 100 scans, whereas 6 of 19 never did.
Only after at least 50 NT scans, 50 % of measurements were above the median, whereas
before these 50 scans, NT was usually underestimated. Conclusion: It became obvious that regular supervision and quality control is mandatory to provide
exact NT measurements by residents. Based on our results, a minimum of 100 NT scans
is recommended before diagnostic application, which is a higher requirement than implemented
in widely accepted quality assurance programs.
Key words
education - nuchal translucency - screening - QA/QC
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Dr. Brigitte Frey Tirri
Obstetics and Gynecology University of Basel
Spitalstr.21
4031 Basel (Schweiz)
Phone: ++41/612 65 25 25
Fax: + 41/61/2 65 93 59
Email: bfrey@uhbs.ch