Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Endoskopische Dilatationen werden bei der Behandlung von anatomischen und selten
funktionellen Stenosierungen des Ösophagus eingesetzt, die durch eine Vielzahl von
benignen oder malignen Prozessen verursacht sein können. Die Ösophagusperforation
ist dabei die bedeutendste, assoziierte Komplikation. Ziele: Bestimmung der Inzidenz von Perforationen nach endoskopischer Dilatation des Ösophagus,
ihr Management und ihr Verlauf. Methodik: Alle Patienten, die in unserem Zentrum von Juni 2001 bis Dezember 2006 eine endoskopische
Ösophagusdilatation erhielten, wurden prospektiv mittels elektronischer Datenbanksuche
identifiziert und analysiert. Ergebnis: In dieser Studie wurden 248 Patienten (148 Männer; 100 Frauen; Altersmedian 58, Range
14 - 87), die insgesamt 365 Ösophagusdilatationen erhielten, eingeschlossen: 74 pneumatische
Ballondilatationen bei Achalasie, 79 Ballondilatationen bei anderen Gründen, wie zum
Beispiel aufgrund von Tumoren, peptischen oder postradiogenen Stenosen, und 212 Dilatationen
erfolgten mit Savary-Bougies. Die gesamte Inzidenz an Perforationen, basierend auf
der Anzahl der durchgeführten Prozeduren, betrug 2,2 % (8 Perforationen/ 365 Behandlungen).
Bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl der betrachteten Patienten betrug die Perforationsrate
3,2 % (8 / 248 Patienten). Die Perforationsrate betrug 1,9 % bei Bougie-Dilatation,
0 % bei Ballondilatation und 5,4 % bei pneumatischer Ballondilatation aufgrund einer
Achalasie. Fünf der betroffenen Patienten erhielten eine operative Versorgung, während
drei Patienten konservativ behandelt wurden. Die mittlere Krankenhausverweildauer
betrug 14 Tage (7 - 33). Ein Patient, bei dem die Perforation erst 16 Tage nach der
Dilatation erkannt wurde, verstarb. Schlussfolgerung: Die endoskopische Ösophagusdilatation ist eine sichere Methode zur Behandlung sowohl
von malignen als auch von benignen Stenosierungen des Ösophagus sowie bei Patienten
mit einer Achalasie. Die Perforationsrate nach diesen Behandlungen ist gering und
der Benefit des Patienten überwiegt gegenüber den Komplikationen. Die frühe Erkennung
einer Perforation ist mit einem besseren Outcome für den Patienten verbunden und kleine
Perforationen können konservativ behandelt werden.
Abstract
Background: Esophageal dilatation is performed for the treatment of anatomic and sometimes functional
narrowing of the esophageal lumen caused by a variety of benign and malignant conditions.
Esophageal perforation is the major complication associated with endoscopic dilatation.
Aim: The object of this study was to assess the incidence of perforation, management and
outcomes after endoscopic esophageal dilatation. Methods: All patients who underwent endoscopic esophageal dilatation at our institution from
June 2001 to December 2006 were identified. Data were obtained by searching our prospectively
collected electronic database (MEDOS AG, Langenselbold, Germany), which includes all
endoscopic reports as well as discharge summaries of patients who have undergone endoscopy
in our department. Results: 248 patients (148 male, 100 female, mean age 58 years, range 14 - 87 years) underwent
365 esophageal dilatations: 74 pneumatic balloon dilatations for achalasia, 79 balloon
dilatations for other reasons such as tumors, peptic stenosis, or post-radiotherapy
stenosis and 212 dilatations with Savary bougies. The overall incidence of perforation
based on the number of procedures was 2.2 % (8 perforations/ 365 procedures) and 3.2
% (8 / 248 patients) based on the number of patients. The perforation rate was 1.9
% for bougie dilatation, 0 % for balloon dilatation and 5 - 4 % for pneumatic balloon
dilatation for achalasia. Five patients were treated surgically and 3 patients were
managed conservatively. The mean hospital stay was 14 days (7 - 33 days). One patient
in whom the perforation was recognized 16 days after the dilatation died. Conclusions: Endoscopic esophageal dilatation is a safe procedure for the palliation of malignant
strictures, for the management of benign strictures as well as for the therapy of
achalasia. The perforation rate after these procedures is low. Early recognition of
the perforation is associated with a good outcome. Small perforations can be treated
conservatively.
Schlüsselwörter
endoskopische Ösophagusdilatation - Ösophagusperforation - Ösophagusstenose
Key words
endoscopic esophageal dilatation - esophagus perforation - esophageal stenosis
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Klaus Mönkemüller, MD
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Universitätsklinikum
Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University
Leipziger Straße 44
39120 Magdeburg
Germany
Phone: ++ 49/3 91/6 71 31 00
Fax: ++ 49/3 91/6 71 31 05
Email: Klaus.Moenkemueller@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de