Zusammenfassung
Der hepatische Hydrothorax stellt eine seltene, aber wichtige Differenzialdiagnose
eines meist einseitigen Pleuraergusses dar. Zu beobachten ist er als Komplikation
der portalen Hypertension bei < 10 % der Patienten mit Aszites im Rahmen einer fortgeschrittenen
Leberzirrhose. Pathogenetisch zugrunde liegt eine peritoneo-pleurale Flüssigkeits-Translokation,
am ehesten durch Zwerchfelldefekte. In seltenen Fällen kann es zu einem kompletten
Flüssigkeitsübertritt in den Pleuraraum kommen. Wir beschreiben den Fall eines 67-jährigen
Leberzirrhose-Patienten mit einem massiven isoliert rechtsseitigen Pleuraerguss und
ohne relevanten Aszitesnachweis. Basierend auf dieser Kasuistik wird die Pathophysiologie
und das - insbesondere bei kontinuierlichem Anfall größerer pleuraler Flüssigkeitsmengen
- sehr schwierige diagnostische und therapeutische Management des hepatischen Hydrothorax
im Spiegel der aktuellen Literatur kritisch diskutiert. Im vorliegenden Fall sicherte
erst eine intraperitoneale Farbstoffapplikation mit dem Nachweis von raschem Farbstoffübertritt
in den Pleuraraum die Diagnose.
Abstract
Hepatic hydrothorax is a rare but important cause of - usually unilateral - pleural
effusion. Hepatic hydrothorax can be observed as a complication of portal hypertension
in < 10 % of the patients with ascites secondary to advanced liver cirrhosis. The
underlying pathophysiological mechanism seems to be a direct movement of fluid from
the peritoneal cavity into the pleural space through diaphragmatic defects. In rare
cases complete translocation of fluid into the pleural space can be observed. We describe
a 67-year-old cirrhotic patient suffering from a massive pleural effusion on the right
side in the absence of any relevant ascites. Based on this case report and a review
of the literature, we discuss the pathogenesis and - especially in cases characterised
by a continuous accumulation of large amounts of pleural effusion - the notoriously
difficult diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatic hydrothorax. In the case
described here, the intraperitoneal application of dye helped to prove that the fluid
in the pleural space originated from the peritoneal cavity.
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Privatdozent Dr. med. Axel F. G. von Bierbrauer
Chefarzt Abteilung Innere Medizin, Städtisches Klinikum Neunkirchen gGmbH, Akademisches
Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität des Saarlandes
Brunnenstraße 20
66538 Neunkirchen/Saar
Email: a.vonbier@krh-nk.de