Zusammenfassung
Das Wissen über die Erkrankung und Behandlung wird als notwendige Voraussetzung für
ein effektives Selbstmanagement des Asthma-Patienten betrachtet. Der Stellenwert des
Asthma-Wissens in Bezug auf die praktische Umsetzung im Alltag, das Selbstmanagement,
die Compliance und Krankheitsbewältigung des Patienten ist bislang unklar. Asthma-Wissen
allein bewirkt noch keine Verhaltensänderung im Rahmen des Krankheitsmanagements.
Es wirkt jedoch indirekt über den Weg der Einstellungsänderung auf eine Verhaltensänderung
ein. Bei der Vermittlung von Asthma-Wissen ist es sinnvoll, den Erfahrungshintergrund,
die Krankheitskonzepte und Bewältigungsstrategien des Patienten zu berücksichtigen
und Information so aufzubereiten, dass sie vom Patienten in Handlung umgesetzt und
eingeübt werden kann. Um Wissensdefizite oder Fehlinformation zu ermitteln und gezielt
anzusprechen, können in Einzelfällen Asthma-Wissenstests eingesetzt werden. Diese
sind jedoch nicht für jeden Patienten geeignet.
Summary
Knowledge about asthma is frequently assumed to be a prerequisite for optimal asthma
management. But the relevance of asthma knowledge for implementing changes of behaviour
in the everyday life of patients, their self-management, compliance and coping remains
unclear. Taken by itself, knowledge about asthma does not have a direct impact on
practical skills of disease management, but it has an indirect effect on it through
patients' ability to adapt to the disease.. In order to impart knowledge it can be
helpful to consider patientsŽ experiences, their view of illness and strategies of
coping. In some cases using a questinnaire about patients' knowledge of asthma was
helpful to identify those patients who have little such specific knowledge. They
could then be channelled into specific interventions, for example asthma education
programs.
Schlüsselwörter
Asthma - Wissenstest - Krankheitswissen - Selbstmanagement
Key words
asthma - questionnaire - disease knowledge - self-management
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Dr. phil. Ulrike de Vries
Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation, Universität Bremen
Grazer Straße 6
28359 Bremen
Phone: 0421/218-7070
Fax: 0421/218-4617
Email: udevries@uni-bremen.de
