Gegenwärtiger Stand der funktionellen MRT bei Neugeborenen und Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr

Zusammenfassung

Die Neonatologie erlebt gegenwärtig einen Paradigmen-Shift hin zu einem vermehrten frühen diagnostischen Einsatz der MRT-Bildgebung bei Risiko-Neugeborenen und Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr. Neben der gezielten Anwendung hochauflösender MRT-Bildgebung in klinischer Indikation werden in zunehmendem Maße funktionelle MRT-(fMRT-)Untersuchungen bei Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr durchgeführt. Einerseits erlaubt die fMRT, funktionelle Entwicklungsprozesse des Gehirns in Abhängigkeit des Maturationsstadiums abzubilden, andererseits besteht die Hoffnung, pathophysiologische Prozesse im Gehirn zu einem möglichst frühen Zeitpunkt zu detektieren und damit die Grundlage für eine frühzeitige und gezielte therapeutische Intervention zu schaffen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit bietet einen Überblick über bisherige Anwendungen der fMRT bei Neugeborenen und Kindern im ersten Lebensjahr und thematisiert die hiermit assoziierten methodischen Aspekte (u. a. Signalphysiologie, Sicherheitsaspekte, Sedierung).

Abstract

Currently, a paradigm shift towards expanded early use of cranial MRI in newborns at risk and infants in the first year of life can be observed in neonatology. Beyond clinical MRI applications, there is progressive use of functional MRI (fMRI) in this age group. On the one hand, fMRI allows monitoring of functional developmental processes depending on maturational stage; on the other hand, this technique may provide the basis for early detection of pathophysiological processes as a prerequisite for functionally guided therapeutic interventions. This article provides a comprehensive review of current fMRI applications in neonates and infants during the first year of life and focuses on the associated methodological issues (e. g. signal physiology, sedation, safety aspects).

Key words

MR functional imaging - children - injuries - MR imaging

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