Zusammenfassung
Von professioneller Seite wurde häufig dafür plädiert, eine Tabakentwöhnung bei Alkoholkranken
erst nach längerfristiger Konsolidierung der Alkoholabstinenz einzuleiten. Hintergrund
dieser Empfehlung ist die Befürchtung, dass sich Rauchinterventionsprogramme negativ
auf die Ergebnisse von Alkoholentgiftung und Rehabilitation bei Alkoholkranken auswirken
könnten. Allerdings stehen empirische Untersuchungen zum geeigneten Zeitfenster für
die Einleitung von Veränderungen des Rauchverhaltens bei alkoholkranken Patienten
noch aus. Wir haben eine Untersuchung zur Frage durchgeführt, ob diesen Patienten
bereits während einer stationären Alkoholentzugsbehandlung eine Reduktion ihres Zigarettenkonsums
gelingt. Teilnehmer dieser nicht-randomisierten klinischen Pilotstudie waren 56 weibliche
und männliche alkoholabhängige Raucher, die im Rahmen einer standardisierten, stationären,
qualifizierten Alkoholentzugsbehandlung rekrutiert wurden. 28 Patienten nahmen während
des 3-wöchigen Klinikaufenthalts an einem Nikotinreduktionsprogramm teil, das aus
sechs verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierten Gruppensitzungen bestand. Einer Kontrollgruppe
von 28 alkoholkranken Rauchern stand das Programm nicht zur Verfügung. Der Zigarettenkonsum
wurde täglich vom Pflegepersonal der Klinik protokolliert. In der Therapiegruppe kam
es im Verlauf des stationären Aufenthalts zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Zahl
pro Tag gerauchter Zigaretten. Die Kontrollgruppe zeigte im gleichen Zeitraum einen
Trend zu einer Steigerung des Tabakkonsums. Die Ergebnisse unserer Pilotstudie weisen
darauf hin, dass alkoholkranken Patienten Rauchinterventionsprogramme bereits in der
sehr frühen Phase einer Alkoholentzugsbehandlung angeboten werden können.
Abstract
Health care professionals tend to advise alcohol dependent patients to quit tobacco
consumption only after longer periods of alcohol abstinence. This recommendation reflects
concerns that smoking intervention programs may adversely interfere with the outcome
of ongoing alcohol detoxification and rehabilitation treatment. However, the issue
of appropriate time windows for initiating changes of smoking behaviour in alcoholic
patients is still in need of empirical evaluation. Thus the aim of the present study
is to investigate whether alcohol dependent smokers may be able to reduce cigarette
consumption very early during alcohol detoxification and rehabilitation treatment.
We performed a non-randomized controlled clinical pilot trial with 56 female and male
alcohol dependent smokers in an inpatient setting providing a 3-weeks alcohol detoxification
program. 28 individuals received a smoking reduction program consisting of a 6-sessions
approach in a group format following behavioural principles. For the control group
of 28 individuals the program was not available. Tobacco consumption was assessed
daily by staff members. Alcohol dependent patients participating in the smoking reduction
program reduced their daily cigarette consumption rates significantly, whereas the
control group showed a tendency to increase tobacco consumption. According to the
tentative findings of this pilot study early smoking interventions already during
alcohol detoxification appear to be a feasible approach.
Schlüsselwörter
Alkohol - Nikotin - Rauchen - Tabak - Therapie
Key words
Alcohol - Nicotine - Smoking - Tobacco - Treatment
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Prof. Dr. Karl Mann
Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin
J5
68159 Mannheim
eMail: sucht@zi-mannheim.de