Bilateral axillary vein thrombosis in a young patient with lupus anticoagulant and clavicular bone spurs

• References

• 1 The European Genetics Foundation, The Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust, The International Union of Angiology, The Mediterranean League on Thromboembolism.. Thrombophilia and venous thromboembolism. International consensus statement. Guidelines according to scientific evidence. Int Angiol 2005; 24: 1-26.
• 2 Prandoni P, Polistena P, Bernardi E. et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors, diagnosis, and complications. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 57.
• 3 Oates SD, Daley RA. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Hand Clin 1996; 12: 705-718.
• 4 Hendler MF, Meschengesier SS, Blanco AN. et al. Primary Upper-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: high prevalence of Thrombophilic defects. Am J Hematol 2004; 76: 330-337.
• 5 Martinelli I, Battaglioli T, Bucciarelli P. et al. Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities. Circulation 2004; 110: 566-570.
• 6 Jason HH, Zager EL. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Neurosurgery 2004; 55: 897-890.
• 7 Longley DG, Yedlicka JW, Molina EJ. et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome: evaluation of the subclavian vessels by color duplex sonography. Am J Roentgenol 1992; 158: 623-630.
• 8 Remy-Jardin M, Doyen J, Remy J. et al. Functional anatomy of the thoracic outlet: evaluation with helical CT. Radiology 1997; 205: 843-851.
• 9 Elliot G. Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 1188-1189.
• 10 Filis KA, Nguyen TQ, Olcott C. Subclavian vein thrombosis caused by an unusual congenital clavicular anomaly in an atypical anatomic position. J Vasc Surg 2002; 36: 629-631.
• 11 Zell L, Kindermann W, Marschall F. et al. Paget- Schroetter Syndrome in sports activites – case study and literature review. Angiology 2001; 52: 337-342.
• 12 Greaves M, Cohen H, Machin SI. et al. Guidelines on the investigation and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Haematol 2000; 109: 704-715.
• 13 Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T. et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 295-306.