Biosampling in der Adipositasforschung: Herausforderungen, Innovationen und translationale Potenziale

Zusammenfassung

Adipositas stellt eine chronische, multifaktorielle Erkrankung dar, deren Entstehung durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel genetischer, epigenetischer, verhaltensbezogener und umweltbedingter Faktoren geprägt ist. Zum besseren Verständnis der Erkrankung und zur Entwicklung effektiver Präventions- und Therapieansätze bedarf es integrativer Studiendesigns und eines standardisierten Biosamplings. Blutbasierte Proben ermöglichen genetische, epigenetische und metabolomische Analysen, während Fettgewebe insbesondere für transkriptomische und zukünftig auch räumliche Gewebeanalysen genutzt wird. Nicht-invasiv zugängliche Proben wie Stuhl und Urin geben Einblicke in die Mikrobiom- und Darmbarriereforschung. Fortschritte in der Multi-Omiks-Analytik eröffnen neue Perspektiven für eine individualisierte Adipositasforschung. Die langfristige Nutzbarkeit von Proben und Daten sowie ethische Aspekte wie Broad Consent sind dabei essenziell. Zentrale Herausforderungen bleiben allerdings die hohe Heterogenität der Erkrankung und der Bedarf an standardisierten, patient*innenzentrierten Forschungsinfrastrukturen.

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease whose development is characterized by a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Integrative study designs and standardized biosampling are needed to better understand the disease and develop effective prevention and treatment approaches. Blood-based samples enable genetic, epigenetic, and metabolomic analyses, while adipose tissue is used in particular for transcriptomic and, in the future, spatial tissue analyses. Non-invasively accessible samples such as stool and urine provide insights into microbiome and intestinal barrier research. Advances in multi-omics analytics are opening up new perspectives for individualized obesity research. The long-term usability of samples and data, as well as ethical aspects such as broad consent, are essential in this context. However, key challenges remain such as the high heterogeneity of the disease and the need for standardized, patient-centered research infrastructures.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Studiendesign - Bioprobenahme - Biobanken - Genetik - Epigenetik - Blut - Fettgewebe

Keywords

Obesity - study design - biosampling - biobanking - genetics - epigenetics - blood - adipose tissue

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. Dezember 2025

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