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DOI: 10.1055/a-2708-2190
Renale Sympathikusdenervierung – wieder zurück!
Renal Sympathetic Denervation – Evidence-Based Comeback!Autoren
Zusammenfassung
Die resistente arterielle Hypertonie ist durch unkontrollierte Blutdruckwerte trotz leitliniengerechter Dreifachtherapie, die ein Diuretikum enthalten muss, definiert. Die renale Denervation (RDN) ist eine interventionelle Behandlung, bei der die sympathischen Nervenfasern der Nierenarterien durch Radiofrequenz- oder Ultraschallenergie thermisch geschädigt und so unterbrochen werden. Nach zunächst vielversprechenden, nicht kontrollierten Studien und einer mit methodischen Mängeln behafteten neutralen kontrollierten Studie belegen aktuelle randomisierte und durch verblindete Scheineingriffe kontrollierte Studien eine signifikante und sichere Blutdrucksenkung durch RDN mit Radiofrequenz- und Ultraschallenergie. Die ESC-Leitlinien empfehlen die RDN daher als Therapie bei therapieresistenter Hypertonie (Klasse IIb). Voraussetzung sind eine sorgfältige Patientenauswahl, umfassende Aufklärung und die Durchführung in spezialisierten Zentren, wobei dem Wunsch des Patienten, die Therapie zu erhalten, ein besonderes Gewicht beigemessen wird. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die optimale Patientenselektion zu verbessern sowie die Langzeitwirkung und Kosteneffizienz umfassend zu untersuchen.
Abstract
Resistant arterial hypertension is characterized by uncontrolled blood pressure despite adherence to guideline-recommended triple therapy including a diuretic. Renal denervation (RDN) is a promising interventional approach that selectively disrupts the sympathetic nerve fibers of the renal arteries using radiofrequency or ultrasound energy. After early non-controlled studies showing strong blood pressure reduction and one neutral controlled study with methodological limitations, recent randomized and sham-controlled trials have confirmed a significant and safe reduction in blood pressure. Accordingly, the ESC guidelines recommend RDN as a treatment for resistant hypertension (Class IIb). Key prerequisites include meticulous patient selection, the patient’s wish to receive RDN, comprehensive informed consent, and treatment within specialized centers. Additional research is necessary to refine patient selection criteria and to thoroughly assess the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of RDN.
Die renale Denervation (RDN) ist eine wirksame Therapie zur Blutdrucksenkung bei therapieresistenter arterieller Hypertonie, was durch aktuelle randomisierte und scheinkontrollierte Studien bestätigt wurde. Die ESC-Leitlinien (ESC: European Society of Cardiology) empfehlen die RDN als Therapie bei Patienten mit unkontrolliertem Blutdruck trotz leitliniengerechter Dreifachmedikation (Klasse IIb). Voraussetzung für den Therapieerfolg sind eine sorgfältige Patientenauswahl, der Patientenwunsch, umfassende Aufklärung und Durchführung in spezialisierten Zentren.
Schlüsselwörter
therapieresistente arterielle Hypertonie - autonome Modulation des sympathischen Nervensystems - renale DenervationKeywords
autonomic modulation of the sympathetic nervous system - renal denervation - therapy-resistant arterial hypertensionPublikationsverlauf
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
24. November 2025
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