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Int J Angiol 2019; 28(02): 080-092
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692452
Invited Article: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Therapeutic Interventions

Nader B. Ishak Gabra
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Omar Mahmoud
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Oki Ishikawa
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Varun Shah
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Erica Altshul
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Maly Oron
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
,
Bushra Mina
1   Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
28 June 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension is an uncommon disease that carries a significant morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subtype of pulmonary hypertension that describes a group of disease entities that lead to an elevation in precapillary pulmonary artery pressure. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, it remains a difficult disease to recognize and manage. In this review article, we will discuss the definition and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Additionally, we will discuss the ever-expanding management options, their mechanisms and strategies, including combination therapy and the most recent advances and future directions.

Keywords

pulmonary hypertension - pulmonary arterial hypertension - phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor - prostacyclin analog - endothelin receptor antagonists - combination therapy - calcium channel blockers
 

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