Lungensonografie für Anästhesie, Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Die Lungensonografie ist in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin ein unterschätztes Werkzeug: Bei bestimmten klinischen Fragestellungen ist ihre Sensitivität drastisch höher als die der Röntgen-Thoraxuntersuchung [1]. Ein standardisierter Untersuchungsgang verbessert dabei die Untersuchungsqualität [2]. Dieser Artikel vermittelt Grundlagenwissen der Lungensonografie und stellt die Überlegenheit des Ultraschalls gegenüber Röntgenverfahren heraus.

Abstract

Lung ultrasound is an underrated tool in preclinical emergency situations, intensive care units, ORs and emergency rooms. For certain clinical questions, there is a drastically higher sensitivity in comparison to chest X-ray examinations (sensitivity in pneumothorax diagnostics 86 vs. 28%, specificity 97 vs. 100%. A standardized examination improves the quality of the ultrasound examination and thus the diagnostic value. The article provides basic information on pulmonary ultrasound and aims to highlight the superiority of ultrasound over x-ray procedures for anesthesia, intensive care and emergency medicine in accordance to the international evidence-based recommendations for point of care ultrasound. Finally, we added a checklist for the “post-interventional exclusion of pneumothorax” and a checklist for the “diagnosis of dyspnea by sonography”.

Schlüsselwörter

Lungensonografie - Pneumothorax-Ausschluss - pleurale freie Flüssigkeit - Lungenödem - Lungenkonsolidierung

Key words

lung ultrasound - exclusion pneumothorax - pleural free fluid - lung edema - lung consolidation

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