Schmerztherapeutische Aspekte bei Tumoroperationen

Zusammenfassung

Trotz einer Vielzahl von Therapieoptionen wird die Akutschmerztherapie nach onkologischen Operationen häufig als unzureichend beschrieben. Neben einer unzureichenden Akutschmerztherapie können weitere Faktoren eine Hypersensitivierung und Chronifizierung sowie den Verlauf der Tumorerkrankung beeinflussen. Dieser Beitrag erklärt pathophysiologische Hintergründe und erläutert geeignete Therapiemodalitäten.

Abstract

Due to preexisting pain or surgically induced sensitization patients undergoing oncological surgery are predisposed for a postoperative high pain intensity with the risk of developing persistent pain. In oncological surgery, pain therapy should be adapted to the underlying pain mechanism. Different treatment principles should be applied in a graded concept of acute pain therapy. The rationale implies the “conventional” use of the WHO step scheme, the administration of opioids as PCA as well as regional analgesia and agents with anti-hypersensitizing properties. Anti-hypersensitizing and anti-neuropathic treatment principles may include the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, intravenous lidocaine and s-ketamine. Before using such treatment, pain mechanisms should be verified by an adequate pain diagnostic. The impact of perioperative regional analgesia on the oncological outcome is subject to controversy. Opioids reveal both: tumor promoting and tumor inhibiting properties.

Schlüsselwörter

Tumortherapie - Tumorchirurgie - Analgesie - Schmerztherapie - Opioide - regionale Anästhesie

Key words

tumor pain - analgesia - anti-hypersensitizing - regional anaesthesia - opioids

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