Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 2020; 265(02): 4-11
DOI: 10.1055/a-1103-0932
Spektrum

Überblick über die klinische Studienlage in der Homöopathie

Diana Steinmann

Zusammenfassung

In Politik, Medien, unter Wissenschaftlern und medizinischem Fachpersonal existieren stark unterschiedliche Meinungen zur vorliegenden Studienlage in der Homöopathie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird zunächst eine Einführung in die evidenzbasierte Medizin gegeben und anschließend werden wichtige Artikel und Studien zur Grundlagenforschung, im Bereich der klinischen Studien, der Versorgungsforschung (Beobachtungsstudien) und in Bezug auf die Metaanalysen genannt. In jedem Bereich wird auf die Vor- und Nachteile sowie Qualität der Studienkonzepte eingegangen, sodass sich der Leser eine eigene Meinung zum Thema Forschung in der Homöopathie bilden kann. Im Gegensatz zur Skeptikermeinung gibt es ein paar wenige Studien von sehr hoher Qualität, die eine Wirksamkeit in der untersuchten Fragestellung zum Teil sogar gegen Placebo zeigen.

Summary

In politics, media, among scientists and medical professionals there are widely differing opinions on the present study situation in homeopathy. First, this article introduces evidence-based medicine. Then, it lists important articles and studies on basic research, in the field of clinical trials, care research (observational studies), and meta-analyses. In each area, the advantages and disadvantages as well as the quality of the study concepts are discussed so the reader can form his own opinion on the topic of research in homeopathy. In contrast to the skeptic opinion, there are a few very high quality studies that show efficacy in the investigated question, in part even against placebo.



Publication History

Article published online:
20 March 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Achstetter K, Teut M. Use of self-medication with homeopathy in Germany: Results of an online questionnaire survey. Complement Med Res 2018; 25 (06) : 383-390
  • 2 Banerjee K, Mathie RT, Costelloe C, Howick J. Homeopathy for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review. J Altern Complement Med. 2017; 23 (06) : 426-444. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0310.
  • 3 Bares J, Resch KL, Ernst E. Homeopathy for postoperative ileus? A meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25 (04) : 628-633
  • 4 Baumgartner S, Doesburg P, Scherr C, Andersen JO. Development of a biocrystallisation assay for examining effects of homeopathic preparations using cress seedlings. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012: 125945. DOI: 10.1155/2012/125945.
  • 5 Boehm K, Christa Raak C, Cramer H. et al. Homeopathy in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A comprehensive literature-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22 (04) : 731-742. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.06.005.
  • 6 Cochrane Risk of Bias Criteria, NCBI. Im Internet:. https: / /www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ > bin > appg-fm1; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 7 Cucherat M, Haugh MC, Gooch M, Boissel JP. Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta-analysis of clinical trials. HMRAG. Homeopathic Medicines Research Advisory Group. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56 (01) : 27-33
  • 8 Der australische Bericht. Im Internet:. www.hri-research.org/de/informationsquellen/die-homoopathie-debatte/der-australische-bericht/ ; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 9 Der Schweizer HTA-Bericht über Homöopathie. Im Internet:. www.hri-research.org/de/informationsquellen/die-homoopathie-debatte/der-schweizer-hta-bericht-ueber-homoeopathie/; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 10 Deutscher Zentralverein homöopathischer Ärzte (DZVhÄ) Ärzte und Fachpublikum. Im Internet:. www.dzvhae.de/aerzte-und-fachpublikum/ ; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 11 Die Datenbanken der Carstens-Stiftung. Im Internet:. www.carstens-stiftung.de/nc/databases.html#/; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 12 Doesburg P, Andersen JO, Scherr C, Baumgartner S. Empirical investigation of preparations produced according to the European Pharmacopoeia monograph 1038. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137: 104987. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104987.
  • 13 Eichler M, Pokora R, Schwentner L, Blettner M. Evidenzbasierte Medizin: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Dtsch Arztebl 2015; 112 (51–52): A-2190 / B-1801 / C-1747
  • 14 Endler PC, Scherer-Pongratz W, Harrer B. et al. Amphibians and ultra high diluted thyroxine – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Homeopathy 2015; 104 (04) : 250-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.10.001.
  • 15 Fibert P, Relton C, Heirs M, Bowden D. A comparative consecutive case series of 20 children with a diagnosis of ADHD receiving homeopathic treatment, compared with 10 children receiving usual care. Homeopathy 2016; 105 (02) : 194-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.09.008.
  • 16 Forsa-Befragung: Jeder Zweite glaubt an eine Medizinwende in Deutschland – hin zur Integrativen Medizin. Im Internet:. www.dzvhae.de/forsa-medizinwende/; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 17 France will end healthcare refunds for homeopathic drugs. Im Internet:. https: / /www.reuters.com/article/us-france-health-homeopathy/france-will-end-healthcare-refunds-for-homeopathic-drugs-idUSKCN1U42B6; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 18 Frass M, Linkesch M, Banyai S. et al. Adjunctive homeopathic treatment in patients with severe sepsis: A randomized, double-bild, placebo-controlled trial in an intensive care unit. Homeopathy 2005; 94 (02) : 75-80
  • 19 Frei H, Everts R, von Ammon K. et al. Homeopathic treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomizes, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164 (12) : 758-767
  • 20 Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Arzneimitteln. Im Internet:. https: / /dejure.org/gesetze/AMG; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 21 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Bégaud B, Rossignol M. et al. Management of upper respiratory tract infections by different medical practices, including homeopathy, and consumption of antibiotics in primary care: The EPI3 cohort study in France 2007–2008. PLoS One 2014; 9 (03) : e89990
  • 22 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Massol J. et al. Utilization of psychotropic drugs by patients consulting for sleeping disorders in homeopathic and conventional primary care settings: The EPI3 cohort study. Homeopathy 2015; 104 (03) : 170-175
  • 23 Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Massol J. et al. Homeopathic medical practice for anxiety and depression in primary care: The EPI3 cohort study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16: 125
  • 24 Jacobs J, Jonas WB, Jiménez-Pérez M, Crothers D. Homeopathy for childhood diarrhea: Combined results and metaanalysis from three randomized, controlled clinical trials. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22 (03) : 229-234
  • 25 Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D. et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials 1996; 17: 1-12
  • 26 Jäger T, Scherr C, Simon M. et al. Effects of homeopathic arsenicum album, nosode, and gibberellic acid preparations on the growth rate of arsenic-impaired duckweed (Lemna gibba L.). Scientific World Journal 2010; 10: 2112-2129. DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.202.
  • 27 Jonas WB, Linde K, Ramirez G. Homeopathy and rheumatic disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000; 26 (01) : 117-123
  • 28 Kleijnen J, Knipschild P, ter Riet G. Clinical trials of homeopathy. BMJ 1991; 302 (6772): 316-323
  • 29 Klein SD, Würtenberger S, Wolf U. et al. Physicochemical investigations of homeopathic preparations: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis-part 1. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24 (05) : 409-421. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0249.
  • 30 Kopp IB, Rahn KH. Leitlinien in der klinischen Praxis Erkennen, worauf es ankommt. Bayerisches Ärzteblatt. 2015 ; 1–2: 8-12
  • 31 Lambeck M. Irrt die Physik? Über alternative Medizin und Esoterik. C.H. Beck; 2015
  • 32 Leitlinie: Definition, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie des Fibromyalgiesyndroms. Im Internet:. www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/145-004.html; Stand: 22.01.2020
  • 33 Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G. et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 1997; 350 (9081): 834–843. Erratum in: Lancet 1998; 351 (9097): 220
  • 34 Lüdtke R, Rutten AL. The conclusions on the effectiveness of homeopathy highly depend on the set of analyzed trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61 (12) : 1197-1204. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.015.
  • 35 Macías-Cortés Edel C, Llanes-González L, Aguilar-Faisal L, Asbun-Bojalil J. Individualized homeopathic treatment and fluoxetine for moderate to severe depression in per- and postmenopausal women (HOMDEP-MENOP study): A randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2015; 10 (03) : e0118440
  • 36 37 Mathie RT,. , Lloyd SM, Legg LA. et al. Randomised placebo-trials of individualised homeopathic treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2014; 3: 142. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-142.
  • 37 36 Mathie RT,. , Frye J, Fisher P. Homeopathic Oscillococcinum® for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1 (01) : CD001957. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001957.pub6.
  • 38 Matthiesen P. Wer hat Angst vor der Homöopathie? Homöopathie und intellektuelle Redlichkeit – Eine Stellungnahme. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2018; 50: 172-177
  • 39 Oberbaum M, Yaniv I, Ben-Gal Y. et al. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of the homeopathic medication TRAUMEEL S in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in children undergoing stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2001; 92 (03) : 684-690
  • 40 Oberbaum M, Galoyan N, Lerner-Geva L. et al. The effect of the homeopathic remedies Arnica montana and Bellis perennis on mild postpartum bleeding: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study – preliminary results. Complement Ther Med 2005; 13 (02) : 87-90
  • 41 Pérol D, Provencal J, Hardy-Bessard AC. et al. Can treatment with Cocculine improve the control of chemotherapy-induced emesis in early breast cancer patients? A randomized, multi-centered, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. BMC Cancer 2012; 12: 603. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-603.
  • 42 Persönliche Mitteilung Dr. Michael Teut
  • 43 Raak C, Büssing A, Gassmann G. et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of hypericum perforatum (ST. John’s Wort) for pain conditions in dental. Practice Homeopathy 2012; 101 (04) : 204-210. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2012.08.001.
  • 44 Rossignol M, Begaud B, Engel P. et al. Impact of physician preferences for homeopathic or conventional medicines on patients with musculoskeletal disorders: Results from the EPI3-MSD cohort. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012; 21 (10) : 1093-1101
  • 45 Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM. The need for evidence-based medicine. J R Soc Med 1995; 88 (11) : 620-624
  • 46 Sencer SF, Zhou T, Freedman LS. et al. Traumeel S in preventing and treating mucositis in young patients undergoing SCT: A report of the children’s oncology group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47 (11) : 1409-1414. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.30.
  • 47 Shang A, Huwiler-Müntener K, Nartey L. et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homeopathy and allopathy. Lancet 2005; 366 (9487): 726-732
  • 48 Sorrentino L, Piraneo S, Riggio E. et al. Is there a role for homeopathy in breast cancer surgery? A first randomized clinical trial on treatment with Arnica montana to reduce post-operative seroma and bleeding in patients undergoing total mastectomy. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2017; 6 (01) : 1-8. DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229055245.
  • 49 Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A. et al. Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: Randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery. J R Soc Med 2003; 96 (02) : 60-65
  • 50 Ücker A, Baumgartner S, Sokol A. et al. Systematic review of plant-based homeopathic basic research: An update. Homeopathy 2018; 107 (02) : 115-129. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639580.
  • 51 Viksveen P, Dymitr Z, Simoens S. Economic evaluations of homeopathy: A review. Eur J Health Econ 2014; 15 (02) : 157-174. DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0462-7.
  • 52 Witt C, Keil T, Selim D. et al. Outcome and costs of homeopathic and conventional treatment strategies: A comparative cohort study in patients with chronic disorders. Complement Ther Med 2005; 13 (02) : 79-86
  • 53 Zeise und Fritz. Systemisches Review zur Homöopathie bei Mastitis bei Kühen. Wisshom Vortrag P. Weyermaier; 2019