Resistance Training and High-intensity Interval Training Improve
                    Cardiometabolic Health in High Risk Older Adults: A Systematic Review and
                    Meta-anaylsis

Kelly A. McLeod; Matthew D. Jones; Jeanette M. Thom; Belinda J. Parmenter

doi:10.1055/a-1560-6183

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2022; 43(03): 206-218
DOI: 10.1055/a-1560-6183

Review

Resistance Training and High-intensity Interval Training Improve Cardiometabolic Health in High Risk Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-anaylsis

Kelly A. McLeod

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia

,

Matthew D. Jones

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia

,

Jeanette M. Thom

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia

,

Belinda J. Parmenter

¹Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Progressive resistance training (PRT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve cardiometabolic health in older adults. Whether combination PRT+HIIT (COMB) provides similar or additional benefit is less clear. This systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials examined effects of PRT, HIIT and COMB compared to non-exercise control in older adults with high cardiometabolic risk. Databases were searched until January 2021, with study quality assessed using the PEDro scale. Risk factor data was extracted and analysed using RevMan V.5.3. We analysed 422 participants from nine studies (7 PRT, n=149, 1 HIIT, n=10, 1 COMB, n=60; control n=203; mean age 68.1±1.4 years). Compared to control, exercise improved body mass index (mean difference (MD) −0.33 [−0.47, −0.20], p≤0.0001), body fat% (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.71 [−1.34, −0.08], p=0.03), aerobic capacity (SMD 0.41 [0.05, 0.78], p=0.03), low-density lipoprotein (SMD −0.27 [−0.52, −0.01], p=0.04), and blood glucose (SMD −0.31 [−0.58, −0.05], p=0.02). Therefore, PRT, HIIT and COMB can improve cardiometabolic health in older adults with cardiometabolic risk. Further research is warranted, particularly in HIIT and COMB, to identify the optimal exercise prescription, if any, for improving older adults cardiometabolic health. (PROSPERO: CRD42019128527).

Key words

aerobic fitness - ageing - muscular strength, HIIT

Full Text

References

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Supplementary Material