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DOI: 10.1055/a-1748-3797
Insight into the Reactivity Profile of Solid-State Aryl Bromides in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Ball Milling
This work was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI grants 18H03907, 17H06370, 20H04795, and 21H01926), by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) via Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST grant JPMJCR19R1) and Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology (FOREST grant JPMJFR201I), and by the Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD), established by the World Premier International Research Initiative (WPI), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.
Abstract
Despite recent advances in solid-state organic synthesis using ball milling, insight into the unique reactivity of solid-state substrates, which is often different from that in solution, has been poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the reactivity and melting points of aryl halides in solid-state Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and the effect of reaction temperature on these processes. We found that aryl halides with high melting points showed significantly low reactivity in the solid-state cross-coupling near room temperature, but the reactions were notably accelerated by increasing the reaction temperature. Given that the reaction temperature is much lower than the melting points of these substrates, the acceleration effect is most likely ascribed to the weakening of the intermolecular interactions between the substrate molecules in the solid state. The present study provides important perspectives for the rational design of efficient solid-state organic transformations using ball milling.
Supporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1748-3797.
- Supporting Information
Publication History
Received: 09 December 2021
Accepted after revision: 21 January 2022
Accepted Manuscript online:
21 January 2022
Article published online:
04 March 2022
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For selected reviews on reaction development using mechanochemistry, see:
For selected examples of solid-state organic transformations using ball milling from our group, see:
The selected review on palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry, see: