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Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42(04): 455-464
DOI: 10.1055/a-1930-6658
Review Article

Shared Mechanisms between Cardiovascular Disease and NAFLD

Daniel Q. Huang
1   NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
2   Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
3   Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
,
Michael Downes
4   Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California
,
Ronald M. Evans
4   Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California
,
Joseph L. Witztum
5   Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University California San Diego, San Diego, California
,
Christopher K. Glass
6   Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
7   Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
,
Rohit Loomba
1   NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
8   Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
› Author Affiliations Funding R.L. receives funding support from NIAAA (U01AA029019), NIEHS (5P42ES010337), NCATS (5UL1TR001442), NIDDK (U01DK130190, U01DK061734, R01DK106419, P30DK120515, R01DK121378, R01DK124318), NHLBI (P01HL147835), and DOD PRCRP (W81XWH-18–2-0026).
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Abstract

The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising globally. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Nearly half of individuals with NAFLD have coronary heart disease, and more than a third have carotid artery atherosclerosis. Individuals with NAFLD are at a substantially higher risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. NAFLD and cardiovascular disease share multiple common disease mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, genetic risk variants, and gut microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD, and highlight common risk factors. In addition, we examine recent advances evaluating the shared disease mechanisms between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary collaborations are required to further our understanding of the complex relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease and potentially identify therapeutic targets.

Keywords

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - pathogenesis - atherosclerosis - coronary artery disease

Authors' Contributions

Study design was carried out by R.L. and D.Q.H. Data interpretation and review/revision of the manuscript was done by all authors. R.L. contributed to study concept and study supervision. All authors approve the final draft of the manuscript as well as the authorship list.




Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
25 August 2022

Article published online:
14 October 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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