Zur faktoriellen Struktur der dispositionellen Selbstkontrollkapazität, gemessen mit der SCS-K-D

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Selbstkontrollkapazität subsummiert Aspekte von Impulskontrolle und Selbstdisziplin und ermöglicht es, Versuchungen zu widerstehen und langfristige Ziele zu erreichen. Die Verbesserung der verfügbaren Selbstkontrollkapazität ist ein zentrales Ziel in der modernen Psychotherapie. International werden verschiedene Konzeptionen diskutiert. Diese Studie untersucht die faktorielle Struktur einer deutschen Skala zur Selbstkontrollkapazität (SCS-K-D). Die 3 dominierenden zweifaktoriellen Modelle wurden dem einfaktoriellen Modell der Originalautoren sowie einem weiteren zweifaktoriellen Modell und einem neuen itemreduzierten einfaktoriellen Modell gegenübergestellt.

Methode: Die SCS-K-D wurde zu 2 Messzeitpunkten zusammen mit Indikatoren psychischer Belastung an einer Stichprobe Berufsauszubildender (n = 540) erhoben. EFA und CFA wurden zur Strukturanalyse eingesetzt, Korrelationen mit Validitätsmaßen zur Prüfung des praktischen Nutzens der konkurrierenden Modelle berechnet.

Ergebnisse: Das ursprüngliche Modell von Tangney et al. zeigte einen schlechten Modell-Fit und unterlag im Vergleich den zweifaktoriellen Modellen. Hinsichtlich des praktischen Nutzens zeigte sich jedoch kein bedeutsamer Unterschied zwischen ein- und mehrfaktorieller Auswertung.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Auswertung mittels des neuen itemreduzierten einfaktoriellen Modells ist allen kontrastierten Ansätzen hinsichtlich Mess- und Auswertungsökonomie überlegen. Für spezifische Fragestellungen bietet sich das gut validierte und ökonomische zweifaktorielle Modell nach Morean et al. an.

Abstract

Aim: Self-control describes the ability to modulate behavior to fit it with individual values and social norms including aspects of impulse control and self-discipline to resist temptation and to achieve long-term goals. Enhancing self-control is a core aim in modern psychotherapy. One- and multi-factorial conceptions of self-control are discussed. The aim of the present study is to examine the factor structure of a German self-control scale (SCS-K-D). The 3 dominant 2-factor models were compared to the author’s 1-factor model, a shortend 2-factor model and a new 1-factor-model.

Method: SCS-K-D Data was collected twice within a year together with indicators of mental stress in a sample of vocational trainees (n = 540). EFA and CFA were used for structural analysis, correlations with convergent and discriminant validity measures were calculated to test practical utility of the competing models.

Results: The original 1-factor model showed insufficient model fit and was inferior to all other models. The validating variables correlated mostly significantly as hypothesized with self-control. When comparing the practical benefit, there was no significant difference between the 1- and multi-factorial use of the SCS-K-D.

Conclusion: The new 1-factor-model of the SCS-K-D is superior to the multi-factorial use in terms of measurement-economy. For specific questions about activating or inhibiting behavioral impulses, the validated and economic Morean-model is available.

Schlüsselwörter

Selbstkontrollkapazität - Validität - Faktorenstruktur - Messökonomie - Berufsschülerinnen

Keywords

Self-control - validity - factorial structure - measurement efficacy - vocational training

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
14. Oktober 2025

• Literatur

• 1 McHugh RK, Barlow DH. The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments: A review of current efforts. American Psychologist 2010; 65: 73-84
• 2 Bowen S, Witkiewitz K, Clifasefi SL. et al. Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2014; 71: 547-556
• 3 Sachse R. Selbstregulation und Selbstkontrolle. 1. Aufl.. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2020. (Print)
• 4 Linehan MM, Korslund KE, Harned MS. et al. Dialectical behavior therapy for high suicide risk in individuals with borderline personality disorder: A randomized clinical trial and component analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2014; 72: 475-482
• 5 Baumeister R, Vohs K, Tice D. The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2007; 16: 351-355
• 6 Bertrams A, Dickhäuser O. Messung dispositioneller Selbstkontroll-Kapazität: Eine deutsche Adaptation der Kurzform der Self-Control Scale (SCS-K-D). Diagnostica 2009; 55: 2-10
• 7 Tangney JP, Baumeister RF, Boone AL. High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. J Pers 2004; 72: 271-324
• 8 Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Belsky D. et al. A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2011; 108: 2693-2698
• 9 Chen W, Zhang G, Tian X, Zhao S. Factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of the Tangney’s Brief Self-Control Scale in Chinese adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10: 802448
• 10 Lindner C, Nagy G, Retelsdorf J. The dimensionality of the Brief Self-Control Scale—An evaluation of unidimensional and multidimensional applications. Personality and Individual Differences 2015; 86: 465-473
• 11 Brevers D, Foucart J, Verbanck P, Turel O. Examination of the validity and reliability of the French version of the Brief Self-Control Scale. Can J Behav Sci 2017; 49: 243-250
• 12 Unger A, Bi C, Xiao YY, Ybarra O. The revising of the Tangney Self-Control Scale for Chinese students. Psychol Chin J 2016; 5: 101-116
• 13 Asgarian FS, Namdari M, Soori H. Reliability and validity of Persian version of Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) in motorcyclists. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24: 176-182
• 14 Nebioglu M, Konuk N, Akbaba S, Eroglu Y. The investigation of validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief Self-Control Scale. Bull Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 22: 340-351
• 15 Ferrari JR, Stevens EB, Jason LA. The relationship of self-control and abstinence maintenance: An exploratory analysis of self-regulation. J Groups Addict Recovery 2009; 4: 32-41
• 16 De Ridder DTD, De Boerb BJ, Lugtig P. et al. Not doing bad things is not equivalent to doing the right thing: Distinguishing between inhibitory and initiatory self-control. Personality Individual Differences 2011; 50: 1006-1011
• 17 Gray JA. The psychology of fear and stress. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1987
• 18 Maloney PW, Grawitch MJ, Barber LK. The multi-facor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity. J Res Personality 2012; 46: 111-115
• 19 Hoffmann W, Friese M, Strack F. Impulse and selfcontrol from a dual-systems perspective. Perspectives on Psychol Sci 2009; 4: 162-117
• 20 Morean ME, De Martini KS, Leeman RF. et al. Psychometrically improved, abbreviated versions of three classic measures of impulsivity and self-control. Psychol Assess 2014; 26: 1003-1020
• 21 Papadakis AA, Prince RP, Jones NP, Strauman TJ. Self-regulation, rumination, and vulnerability to depression in adolescent girls. Dev Psychopathol 2006; 18: 815-829
• 22 Olivia A, Antolín-Suárez L, Rodríguez-Meirinhos A. Uncovering the link between self-control, age, and psychological maladjustment among Spanish adolescents and young adults. Psychosoc Intervention 2019; 28: 49-55
• 23 Yang X, Zhao J, Chen Y. et al. Comprehensive self-control training benefits depressed college students: A six-month randomized controlled intervention trial. J Affective Disorders 2018; 226: 251-260
• 24 Fetterman AK, Robinson MD, Ode S, Gordon KH. Neuroticism as a risk factor for behavioral dysregulation: A mindfulness-mediation perspective. J Social Clin Psychol 2010; 29: 301-321
• 25 Eysenck SB, Eysenck HJ. The place of impulsiveness in a dimensional system of personality description. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1977; 16: 57-68
• 26 Becker GS, Murphy KM. A theory of rational addiction. J Polit Econ 1988; 96: 675-700
• 27 Kirby KN, Petry NM, Bickel WK. Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls. J Experiment Psychol General 1999; 128: 78-87
• 28 De Ridder DTD, Lensvelt-Mulders G, Finkenauer C. et al. Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality Soc Psychol Rev 2012; 16: 76-99
• 29 Hodgson R, Alwyn T, John B. et al. The fast alkohol screening test. Alcohol Alcoholism 2002; 37: 61-66
• 30 Wölfling K, Müller KW, Beutel ME. Reliability and validity of the Scale for the Assessment of Pathological Computer-Gaming (CSV-S). [Reliabilität und Validität der Skala zum Computerspielverhalten (CSV-S)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2011; 61: 216-224
• 31 Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1996
• 32 Borkenau P, Ostendorf F. NEO-FFI : NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar nach Costa und McCrae. Manual 2nd ed. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2008
• 33 Hautzinger M, Keller F, Kühner C. BDI-II. Beck-Depressions-Inventar. Revision. 2. Aufl. Frankfurt/Main: Pearson Assessment, Frankfurt; 2009
• 34 Herzberg PY, Goldschmidt S, Heinrichs N. TBS-TK Rezension: Beck Depressions-Inventar (BDI-II). Revision. Report Psychol 2008; 33: 301-302
• 35 Westermann R, Heise E, Spies K, Trautwein U. Identifikation und Erfassung von Komponenten der Studienzufriedenheit [Identification and assessment of components of university satisfaction]. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht 1996; 43: 1-22
• 36 Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with Mplus: basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York Routledge 2023;
• 37 Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications; 2015
• 38 Kenny DA, Kaniskan B, McCoach DB. The performance of RMSEA in models with small degrees of freedom. Sociological Methods Research 2015; 44: 486-507
• 39 Rehm LP, Kaslow NJ, Rabin AS. Cognitive and behavioral targets in a self-control therapy program for depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987; 55: 60-67
• 40 Seligman M. Erlernte Hilflosigkeit. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1979
• 41 Chiesi F, Bonacchi A, Lau C. et al. Measuring self-control across gender, age, language, and clinical status: A validation study of the Italian version of the Brief Self- Control Scale (BSCS). PLoS ONE 2020; 15: e0237729