Kinematische Ganganalyse beim Hund: Hält die moderne Ganganalyse Einzug in die tierärztliche Praxis?

Zusammenfassung

Computerisierte Ganganalyse ermöglicht eine objektive Untersuchung und Quantifizierung von Gangauffälligkeiten beim Hund und wird zur Diagnose von Lahmheiten sowie zur Therapieüberwachung eingesetzt. Die kinetische Ganganalyse untersucht die während der Bewegung auftretenden Kräfte, während die kinematische Ganganalyse die Bewegung von Körpern untersucht, ohne Kräfte zu berücksichtigen. Während erstere nur Rückschlüsse auf die Gesamtfunktion der Gliedmaße erlaubt, ermöglicht letztere auch die Bewegung einzelner Gelenke zu untersuchen und trägt zum Verständnis normaler und pathologischer Bewegungsmuster bei. Die kinematische Ganganalyse kann markergestützt oder markerlos erfolgen, wobei aktuell meist markergestützte Systeme genutzt werden. Während in der Humanmedizin künstliche Intelligenz (KI) bereits mit markerlosen Systemen kombiniert wird, steht diese Anwendung in der Veterinärmedizin noch am Anfang. Kinematische Systeme erfassen Bewegungen in 2 oder 3 Dimensionen: 3D-Systeme liefern die präzisesten Daten und analysieren Gelenkbewegungen in 6 Freiheitsgraden, sind jedoch aufgrund hoher Kosten und Komplexität vor allem in der Forschung verbreitet. 2D-Systeme sind durch Fortschritte in der Videotechnik kostengünstiger und einfacher anwendbar, erfassen jedoch nur Bewegungen in einer Ebene. Ein ideales computergestütztes Ganganalysesystem für Hunde, das kinematische Daten in Echtzeit visualisiert und auswertet, existiert bislang nicht – solche Systeme sind derzeit nur für kinetische Analysen verfügbar. Durch Fortschritte in der KI-basierten humanen Bewegungsanalyse wird erwartet, dass auch die canine kinematische Ganganalyse – unabhängig von der technischen Grundlage (z. B. optisch oder sensorbasiert) – künftig einfacher in der tierärztlichen Praxis einsetzbar wird. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Grundlagen der kinematischen Datenerfassung und- analyse beim Hund darzustellen, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zusammenzufassen und Unterschiede zwischen optischen Ganganalysesystemen aufzuzeigen.

Abstract

Computerized gait analysis enables objective assessment and quantification of gait disorders in dogs, aiding lameness diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Kinetic analysis examines the forces exerted during movement, whereas kinematic analysis focuses on the movement of body segments without considering forces. Kinetic gait analysis provides insights into overall limb function, whereas kinematic gait analysis allows examination of individual joint movements, enhancing the understanding of normal and altered joint motion. Kinematic gait analysis can be marker-based or markerless, though marker-based systems dominate clinical use. In human medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) is already integrated with markerless systems for kinematic gait analysis, while veterinary research is still emerging. Kinematic gait analysis can be two- and three-dimensional. Three-dimensional (3D) systems offer the highest accuracy, analyzing joint motion in six degrees of freedom, however their high cost and technical complexity currently limit their use to research. Two-dimensional (2D) systems, benefiting from video technology advances, are more affordable and user-friendly. However, these systems capture motion in a single plane only. To date, no ideal computerized gait analysis system exists for dogs that can visualize and analyze kinematic data in real time – such systems are currently available only for kinetic analysis. With AI-driven advances in human motion analysis, canine kinematic gait analysis, regardless of technology (e. g., optical or sensor-based), is expected to become significantly more accessible for veterinary practice. This review outlines the fundamentals of kinematic data acquisition in dogs, summarizes current research, and compares optical gait analysis systems.

Schlüsselwörter

2D- und 3D-Ganganalyse - Kinematik - Lahmheit - Gelenkwinkel - Bewegung

Keywords

2D and 3D gait analysis - kinematics - lameness - joint angles - motion

Publication History

Received: 25 September 2024

Accepted: 16 May 2025

Article published online:
15 October 2025

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