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CC BY 4.0 · Pharmaceutical Fronts 2025; 07(03): e168-e188
DOI: 10.1055/a-2658-2217
DOI: 10.1055/a-2658-2217
Review Article
Volatile Oils from Natural Plants: Promising Penetration Enhancers for Biological Barriers
Authors
Funding This work was supported by Shaanxi Province, the second batch of Chinese medicine technology backbone talent project (Grant No. 2023-ZQNY-007), Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No. 22YXYJ0098), Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program General Project (Grant No. 2024SF-YBXM-530), and Shaanxi Youth Science Foundation Program (Grant No. 2023-JC-QN-0973).
Abstract
Drug delivery often faces challenges from biological barriers, including the skin and mucosa. Penetration enhancers (PEs) are commonly employed to improve the delivery of poorly permeable drugs. Among them, volatile oils derived from natural plants have emerged as promising candidates due to their rapid action, minimal side effects, and high efficiency. This paper provides a brief introduction to biological barriers and highlights the potential of volatile oils as PEs and their underlying mechanisms. Their role in improving transdermal and transmucosal drug delivery has been explored by a comprehensive review of recent research, which provides valuable insights into their future application in pharmaceutical formulations.
Keywords
volatile oils - penetration enhancer - biological barriers - transdermal delivery - mucosal delivery# These authors contributed equally to this work.
Publication History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 15 July 2025
Article published online:
01 September 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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