Cephalic Vein Transposition for Head and Neck Reconstruction: An Anatomical Study

Abstract

Background

This study aims to evaluate the anatomical feasibility and utility of cephalic vein transposition for venous outflow in head and neck reconstruction, particularly in vessel-depleted necks.

Methods

Bilateral dissections were performed on 11 fresh cadavers to assess the cephalic vein's length, course, and suitability for transposition. The vein was freed, transected at the antecubital fossa, and transposed via a subcutaneous tunnel to the neck. Measurements were taken of the in situ vein length and the remaining length after transposition.

Results

Nineteen cephalic veins were suitable for transposition. The average in situ length was 31.40 ± 2.30 cm, and 29.59 ± 2.20 cm after division. Posttransposition, the residual length beyond the superior helix was 8.47 ± 2.53 cm. The average vein diameter was 3.12 ± 0.75 cm.

Conclusion

Cephalic vein transposition is a viable option for venous anastomosis in vessel-depleted necks, providing a long, stable venous conduit with favorable anatomical characteristics for complex head and neck reconstructions.

Keywords

cephalic vein - free-flap reconstruction - recipient vein

Publication History

Received: 30 March 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
18 July 2025

Article published online:
01 September 2025

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