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DOI: 10.1055/a-2698-6039
Adhärenz an die mediterrane Ernährung und anthropometrische Merkmale bei Patienten mit Myasthenia gravis: Eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and anthropometric characteristics in patients with myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort studyAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Myasthenia gravis (MG) ist eine durch belastungsabhängige Muskelschwäche gekennzeichnete, chronische neuromuskuläre Autoimmunerkrankung, bei der sowohl genetische als auch Umweltfaktoren eine Rolle spielen. Für einige Autoimmunerkrankungen konnte ein positiver Einfluss der mediterranen Ernährung (MedE) nachgewiesen werden. Ob ein solcher Zusammenhang auch bei MG besteht, wurde bislang nicht untersucht.
Methoden
In einer monozentrischen, retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden anthropometrische Daten von 200 MG-Patienten erhoben. Zusätzlich wurde die Adhärenz an eine MedE mithilfe des validierten Fragebogens „Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener“ (MEDAS) bei einer Teilgruppe (n=43) erfasst. Die MG-Kohorte wurde in eine Therapie-refraktäre (≥3 Immunsuppressiva im Verlauf; n=23) und eine nicht-refraktäre Gruppe (n=177) unterteilt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS.
Ergebnisse
31,6 % der Patienten waren adipös, der mittlere BMI lag bei 27,2 kg/m². Der mediane MEDAS-Score der Gesamtgruppe betrug 7,0 Punkte. In der Therapie-refraktären Gruppe lag der Median bei 8,0 Punkten, in der nicht-refraktären bei 6,0 Punkten. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen konnte nicht festgestellt werden (p=0,69). Die ermittelten Werte zum MEDAS-Score lagen im Bereich bisheriger Vergleichsstudien zu anderen Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Schlussfolgerung
MG-Patienten zeigten eine moderate Adhärenz an die MedE. Die Beobachtung eines höheren MEDAS-Scores in der refraktären Gruppe bedarf weiterer Untersuchung. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie konnten keine statistischen Hinweise auf einen positiven Effekt der MedE auf den Verlauf der MG zeigen.
Abstract
Background
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic neuromuscular autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness in which both genetic and environmental factors play a role. A positive influence of the Mediterranean diet (MedD) has been demonstrated for some autoimmune diseases. Whether such a connection also exists in patients with MG has not yet been investigated.
Methods
In a monocentric, retrospective cohort study, anthropometric data were collected from 200 patients with MG. In addition, adherence to MedD was assessed in a subgroup (n=43) using the validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. The MG cohort was stratified into a treatment-refractory group (≥3 immunosuppressants in the course; n=23) and a non-refractory group (n=177). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results
31.6% of patients were obese, with a median BMI of 27.2 kg/m². The median MEDAS score of the overall group was 7.0 points. In the treatment-refractory group, the median score was 8.0 points; in the non-refractory group, 6.0 points. However, no significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.69). The values determined were within the range of previous comparative studies on other autoimmune diseases.
Conclusion
MG patients showed moderate adherence to the MedD. The observation of a higher MEDAS score in the refractory group requires further investigation. The results of our study did not show any statistical evidence of a positive effect of a MedD on the course of MG.
Publication History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted after revision: 02 September 2025
Article published online:
06 October 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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