Zusammenfassung
Die therapeutische Plasmapherese (PE) ist als Eskalationstherapie des steroidrefraktären
Schubsymptoms bei Multipler Sklerose (MS) inzwischen etabliert, dennoch liegen bisher
nur wenige Daten zu Prädiktoren für ein gutes Ansprechen der Therapie, Verlaufsbeobachtungen
und effektive Anschlusstherapien vor. In diesem Artikel berichten wir über unsere
Erfahrungen an 35 PE-behandelten Patienten sowie Nachuntersuchungen an 21 Patienten
6–12 Monate nach Plasmaaustausch. Unsere Analyse bestätigt die Effektivität des Plasmaaustausches
mit einer Ansprechrate von 80 % mit funktionell relevanter Besserung des Zielsymptoms,
welches in 49 % auch elektrophysiologisch objektiviert werden konnte. Analog zu vorherigen
Daten trat die klinische Besserung im Mittel nach dem 3. Behandlungszyklus ein, in
einigen Fällen aber auch erst nach 6 Sitzungen. Eine anhaltende Besserung des Zielsymptoms
war bei 71 % der Patienten auch zum Zeitpunkt der Nachuntersuchung nachweisbar. Darüber
hinaus berichten wir über eine erfolgreiche Immunadsorption im Falle einer Patientin
mit rezidivierenden steroidrefraktären Optikusneuritiden und schweren vegetativen
Nebenwirkungen unter zweimaliger vorausgegangener PE-Behandlung.
Abstract
Therapeutic plasma exchange (PE) is established as an escalation therapy for steroid-unresponsive
multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. However, there are only few data on predictors of
therapeutic response or long-term efficacy including follow-up therapies. Here, our
clinical experience with 35 PE-treated patients and follow-up investigations in 21
patients 6 to 12 months after PE will be summarised. Our data confirm the efficacy
of PE in MS relapses with functionally relevant improvement in 71 % of patients, corroborated
by electrophysiology in 49 % of them. The mean onset of clinical improvement was again
determined after the third exchange while some patients may still improve even as
late as after the sixth PE. At the time of the follow-up examination, we found a sustained
amelioration of the initial symptom in 71 % of patients. One patient with recurrent
episodes of steroid unresponsive optic neuritis and severe side effects during 2 therapeutically
successful cycles of PE was effectively and safely treated with immunoadsorption therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Eskalationstherapie - Immunadsorption - Langzeitbeobachtung
Key words
escalating immunotherapy - immunoadsorption - long term follow-up observation
Literatur
1
Keegan M, Konig F, McClelland R. et al .
Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to
therapeutic plasma exchange.
Lancet.
2005;
366
579-582
2
Weinshenker B G, O'Brien P C, Petterson T M. et al .
A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory
demyelinating disease.
Ann Neurol.
1999;
46
878-886
3
Keegan M, Pineda A A, McClelland R L. et al .
Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response.
Neurology.
2002;
58
43-146
4
Schilling S, Linker R A, Konig F B. et al .
[Plasma exchange therapy for steroid-unresponsive multiple sclerosis relapses: clinical
experience with 16 patients].
Der Nervenarzt.
2006;
77
430-438
5
Ruprecht K, Klinker E, Dintelmann T. et al .
Plasma exchange for severe optic neuritis: treatment of 10 patients.
Neurology.
2004;
63
1081-1083
6
Bruck W, Neubert K, Berger T. et al .
Clinical, radiological, immunological and pathological findings in inflammatory CNS
demyelination-possible markers for antibody-mediated process.
Mult Scler.
2001;
7
173-177
7
Haupts M R, Schimrigk S K, Brune N. et al .
Fulminant tumefactive multiple sclerosis: therapeutic implications of histopathology.
J Neurol.
2008;
255
1272-1273
8
Beck R W, Cleary P A, Anderson M MJ. et al .
A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic
neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group [see comments].
N Engl J Med.
1992;
326
581-588
9
Beck R W, Cleary P A, Trobe J D. et al .
The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development
of multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
329
1764-1769
10
Palm M, Behm E, Schmitt E. et al .
Immunoadsorption and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis: complement and plasma
protein behaviour.
Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol.
1991;
19
283-296
11
Hosokawa S, Oyamaguchi A, Yoshida O.
Successful immunoadsorption with membrane plasmapheresis for multiple sclerosis.
ASAIO Trans.
1989;
35
576-577
12
Gold R, Krenzer M, Klinker E, Mansouri B. et al .
Efficacy and safety of immunoadsorption vs plasmapheresis vs combination for treatment
of myasthenic crisis: comparative retrospective study on 72 patients.
Neurology.
2008;
70 (Suppl. 1)
A427
13
Zhou D, Srivastava R, Nessler S. et al .
Identification of a pathogenic antibody response to native myelin oligodendrocyte
glycoprotein in multiple sclerosis.
Proc Nat Acad Sci.
2006;
03
19057-19062
14
Lassmann H, Bruck W, Lucchinetti C F.
The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview.
Brain Pathol.
2007;
17
210-218
15
Chan A, Weilbach F X, Toyka K V, Gold R.
Mitoxantrone induces cell death in peripheral blood leucocytes of multiple sclerosis
patients.
Clin Exp Immunol.
2005;
139
152-158
16
Bar-Or A, Calabresi P A, Arnold D. et al .
Rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 72-week, open-label, phase
I trial.
Ann Neurol.
2008;
63
395-400
17
Hauser S L, Waubant E, Arnold D L. et al .
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
2008;
358
676-688
Prof. Dr. med. Ralf Gold
Neurologische Klinik St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
44791 Bochum
Email: ralf.gold@rub.de