Magnetresonanzelastographie 2.0: Hochaufgelöste Bildgebung zur Bestimmung von Elastizität, Viskosität und Druck weicher Gewebe

Zusammenfassung

Elastographie umfasst die bildgestützte Darstellung der viskoelastischen Eigenschaften weicher Körpergewebe. Krankhafte Gewebeveränderungen wie Fibrose, Tumore oder Hypertension beeinflussen mechanische Kenngrößen derart signifikant, dass auch heute, in Zeiten moderner medizinischer Bildgebung, die manuelle Abtastung zum klinischen Alltag gehört. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über neue Methoden der Magnetresonanzelastographie (MRE) und deren klinische Anwendung. Außerdem wird auf Pilotstudien zur nichtinvasiven Druckbestimmung in Herz, Leber und Hirn eingegangen. Neue Entwicklungen zur dreidimensionalen Mehrfrequenz-MRE versprechen hochaufgelöste Elastizitätskarten, deren Kontrast die mikroskopische mechanische Verbundenheit des untersuchten Gewebes darstellt und somit eine völlig neue Quelle an Strukturinformation für die radiologische Schnittbilddiagnostik erschließt.

Abstract

Elastography is the image-based measurement of the viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues. Diseases such as fibrosis, tumors, or hypertension significantly alter the mechanical properties of tissues. These changes are highly sensitive to manual palpation. This article reviews new methods of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and their potential clinical applications. Furthermore, this article discusses pilot studies investigating pressure- and compression-sensitive MRE of the heart, the liver, and the brain. New developments in three-dimensional multifrequency MRE have the potential for generating highly resolved maps of viscoelastic tissue properties. Such maps are a new source of radiological information that sensitively reflects the micromechanical structure of a biological tissue.).

Schlüsselwörter

Elastographie - MRE - Viskoelastizität - Druck - Poroelastizität

Keywords

Elastography - MRE - Viscoelasticity - Pressure - Poroelasticity

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