Download PDF
Notfallmedizin up2date 2015; 10(03): 241-256
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358174
Spezielle Notfallmedizin
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma

Susann Liebigt
,
Christof Renner
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 November 2015 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category

Da das Hirngewebe wie kein anderes Organ äußerst sensibel auf Schwankungen in der Sauerstoffzufuhr und der Durchblutung reagiert, muss bei Patienten mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma nicht nur das Organ Gehirn im Fokus der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Bemühungen stehen, sondern auch der Organismus als Ganzes.

 

  • Quellenangaben

  • 1 Rickels K, Wild K, Wentzlaff P et al. Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Epidemiologie und Versorgung, Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie. Germering/München: Zuckerschwerdt; 2006: 96-98
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Statistisches Bundesamt, Zweigstelle Bonn. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. 2013.. Im Internet: https://www.gbe-bund.de/stichworte/SchädelHirnTrauma.html Stand: 4/2015
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Kolodziejczyk D. Mild Head Injury: diagnostic pitfalls and complications. Unfallchirurg 2008; 111: 486-492
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Lobato RD et al. Head-injured patients who talk and deteriorate into coma. Analysis of 211 cases studied with computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 256-261
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Marshall LF, Gautille T, Melville R et al. The outcome of severe closed head injury. J Neurosurg Suppl 1991; 75: 28-36
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Teasdale G, Jennet B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974; 2: 81-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Balestreri M, Czosnyka M, Chetfield DA et al. Predictive value of Glasgow Coma Scale after brain trauma: change in trend over the past ten years. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 161-162
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Chestnut RM, Marshall SB, Piek J et al. Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1993; 59: 121-125
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Itshayek E, Rosenthal G, Fraifeld S et al. Delayed posttraumatic acute subdural hematoma in elderly patients on anticoagulation. Neurosurgery 2006; 58: 851-856
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Fernandez R, Fiersching R, Lobato R et al. Guidelines for treatment of head injury in adults. Opinions of a group of neurosurgeons. Zentralbl Neurochir 1997; 58: 72-74
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der WissenschaftlichenMedizinischen Fachgesellschaften Arbeitsgemeinschaften.. LL SHT im Erwachsenenalter. Letzte Aktualisierung 6/2007, derzeit in Überarbeitung.. Im Internet: http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien Stand: 2015
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Bösel J, Kowoll C, Kahmann J et al. Umfragestudie „Update Neurointensiv Deutschland 2012“. Nervenarzt 2012; 83: 1609-1618
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Renner C, Meixensberger J. Fortschritte bei der Therapie des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas. Intensiv Notfallbehandlg 2009; 34: 17-25
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Chesnut R, Temkin N, Carney N et al. A trial of intracranial-pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 2471-2481
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Qiang Y, Xing W, Yirui S et al. Impact of intracranial pressure monitoring on mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2015; 122: 574-587
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 16 English SW, Turgeon AF, Owen E et al. Protocol management of severe traumatic brain injury in intensive care units: a systematic review. Neurocrit Care 2013; 18: 131-142
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Gerber LM, Chiu YL, Carney N et al. Marked reduction in mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2013; 119: 1583-1590
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Maloney-Wilensky E, Gracias V, Itkin A et al. Brain tissue oxygen and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 2057-2063
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Jaeger M, Schuhmann MU, Söhle M et al. Continuous assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation after traumatic brain injury using brain tissue oxygen pressure reactivity. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 1783-1788
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kiening KL, Härtl R, Unterberg A et al. Brain tissue pO2-monitoring in comatous patients: implications for therapy. Neurol Res 1997; 19: 233-240
    Google Scholar
  • 21 Meixensberger J, Jaeger M, Väth A et al. Brain tissue oxygen guided treatment supplementing ICP/CPP therapy after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2003; 74: 760-764
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 22 U.S. National Institutes of Health.. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring in traumatic brain injury (TBI) (BOOST 2).. Im Internet: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00974259 Stand: 4/2015
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Dengler J, Frenzel C, Vajkoczy P et al. Cerebral tissue oxygenation measured by two different probes: challenges and interpretation. Intens Care Med 2011; 37: 1809-1815
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Kress JP, Pohlman AS, OʼConnor MF et al. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1471-1477
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Helbok R, Kurtz P, Schmidt MJ et al. Effects of the neurological wake-up test on clinical examination, intracranial pressure, brain metabolism and brain tissue oxygenation in severely brain-injured patients. Crit Care 2012; 16: R226
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Nawachuku EL, Puccio AM, Fetzick A et al. Intermittent versus continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage management in adult severe traumatic brain injury: assessment of intracranial pressure burden. Neurocrit Care 2014; 20: 49-53
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Vialet R, Albanese J, Thomachot L et al. Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2 ml/kg 7, 5 % saline is more effective than 2 ml/kg 20 % mannitol. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 1683-1687
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Mangat HS, Chiu YL, Gerber LM et al. Hypertonic saline reduces cumulative and daily intracranial pressure burdens after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2015; 122: 202-210
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Mangat HS, Chiu YL, Gerber LM et al. Hypertonic saline reduces cumulative and daily intracranial pressure burdens after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2015; 122: 202-210
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L et al. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1493-1502
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Honeybul S, Janzen C, Kruger K et al. Decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury: is life worth living?. J Neurosurg 2013; 119: 1566-1575
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Hartings JA, Vidgeon S, Strong AJ et al. Surgical management of traumatic brain injury: a comparative-effectiveness study of two centers. J Neurosurg 2014; 120: 434-446
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Clifton GL, Miller EL, Choi SC et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 556-563
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Blissitt PA. Controversies in the management of adults with severe traumatic brain injury. Adv Crit Care 2012; 23: 186-203
    Google Scholar
  • 35 Suehiro E, Koizumi H, Fujisawa H et al. Diverse effects of hypothermia therapy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury based on the computed tomography classification of the traumatic coma data bank. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32: 1-6
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Steiner LA, Czosnyka M, Piechnik SK et al. Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity allows determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 733-738
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Johnson U, Lewen A, Ronne-Engström E et al. Should the neurointensive care management of traumatic brain injury patients be individualized according to autoregulation status and injury subtype?. Neurocrit Care 2014; 21: 259-265
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar