Synlett 2015; 26(16): 2257-2260
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1381055
letter
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Synthesis of 11C-Labelled Symmetrical Ureas via the Rapid Incorporation of [11C]CO2 into Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines

Abdul Karim Haji Dheere
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK   Email: antony.gee@kcl.ac.uk
,
Salvatore Bongarzone
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK   Email: antony.gee@kcl.ac.uk
,
Carlotta Taddei
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK   Email: antony.gee@kcl.ac.uk
,
Ran Yan
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK   Email: antony.gee@kcl.ac.uk
,
Antony D. Gee*
Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK   Email: antony.gee@kcl.ac.uk
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 14 May 2015

Accepted after revision: 02 July 2015

Publication Date:
04 September 2015 (online)


Abstract

An efficient method to radiolabel symmetrical [11C]ureas using 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU) and cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 has been developed. [11C]urea derivatives were obtained when aliphatic and aromatic amines were used with excellent radiochemical yields (RCYs) of over 70%. The mechanism of the reaction is proposed on the basis of control experiments. This simple and robust methodology provides a powerful tool to prepare 11C-labelled ureas previously inaccessible by existing methods and enable their utilisation for in vivo molecular imaging applications.

Supporting Information

 
  • References and Notes

    • 1a Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008; 47: 8998
    • 1b Gee A. Br. Med. Bull. 2003; 65: 169
    • 1c Cunningham V, Parker C, Rabiner E, Gee A, Gunn R. Drug Discovery Today 2005; 2: 311
    • 1d Kealey S, Turner E, Husbands S, Salinas C, Jakobsen S, Tyacke R, Nutt D, Parker C, Gee A. J. Nucl. Med. 2013; 54: 139
    • 1e Ametamey S, Horner M, Schubiger P. Chem. Rev. 2008; 108: 1501
    • 1f Antoni G. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2015; 58: 65
    • 1g Kealey S, Gee A, Miller P. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2014; 57: 195
    • 2a Iwata R, Pascali C, Bogni A, Miyake Y, Yanai K, Ido T. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2001; 55: 17
    • 2b Cleij M, Clark J, Baron J, Aigbirhio F. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2007; 50: 19
    • 2c Kealey S, Husbands S, Bennacef I, Gee A, Passchier J. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 2014; 57, 202
    • 2d Child C, Kealey S, Jones H, Miller P, White A, Gee A, Long N. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 2011; 40: 6210
    • 2e Hooker JM, Reibel AT, Hill SM, Schueller MJ, Fowler JS. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009; 48: 6001
    • 3a van Tilburg E, Windhorst A, van der Mey M, Herscheid J. J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm. 2006; 49: 321
    • 3b Hooker JM, Reibel AT, Hill SM, Schueller MJ, Fowler JS. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009; 48: 3482
    • 3c Wilson AA, Garcia A, Houle S, Vasdev N. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010; 8: 428
    • 3d Riss P, Lu S, Telu S, Aigbirhio F, Pike V. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012; 51: 2698
    • 3e Rotstein BH, Hooker JM, Woo J, Collier TL, Brady TJ, Liang SH, Vasdev N. Med. Chem. Lett. 2014; 5: 668
  • 4 Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Holland JP, Collier TL, Hooker JM, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. Chem. Commun. 2013; 49: 5621
  • 5 Haji Dheere A, Yusuf N, Gee A. Chem. Commun. 2013; 49: 8193
  • 6 See Supporting Information for full experimental details and compound characterization. Synthesis of Compound 1: Diisopropylethylamine (194 mg, 1.50 mmol) was added to mixture of 1-methylpiperazine (50 mg, 0.50 mmol), and 4-methylpiperazin-l-ylcarbonyl chloride (122 mg, 0.75 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated and recrystallised from EtOH to give 1 (30 mg, 27%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 3.59 (m, 8 H), 2.56 (m, 8 H), 2.90 (s, 6 H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD): δ = 163.65, 54.03, 45.04, 43.79. HRMS: m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C11H22N4O: 227.1794; found: 227.2003.
  • 7 General Radiolabelling Procedure of [11C]Ureas: [11C]CO2 from the cyclotron target was bubbled in a stream of helium gas at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min post target depressurisation directly into a reaction vial containing an amine (18.3 μmol) and DBU (0.13 μL, 0.9 μmol) in MeCN (300 μL). The resulting solution was stirred and heated at 50 °C for 1 min. In a separate vial, PBu3 (9 μL, 36.6 μmol) was added to a solution containing DBAD (8 mg, 36.6 μmol) in MeCN (100 μL) under argon at r.t. The resulting solution was transferred into the reaction mixture and stirred for 4 min at 50 °C. The reaction was quenched with H2O and the crude product was analysed by radio-HPLC
    • 8a Peterson S, Stucka S, Dinsmore C. Org. Lett. 2010; 12: 1340
    • 8b Dinsmore C, Mercer S. Org. Lett. 2004; 6: 2885
    • 8c Swamy K, Kumar N, Balaraman E, Kumar K. Chem. Rev. 2009; 109: 2551
    • 8d Ma C, Pietrucci F, Andreoni W. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2015; 11: 3189
  • 9 Nunziante M, Kehler C, Maas E, Kassack M, Groschup M, Schatzl H. J. Cell Sci. 2005; 118: 4959
  • 10 Sashidhara K, Rosaiah J, Tyagi E, Shukla R, Raghubir R, Rajendran S. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2009; 44: 432
  • 11 Hwang S, Tsai H, Liu J, Morisseau C, Hammock B. J. Med. Chem. 2007; 16: 3825