Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aza[7]helicenes by One-Pot Wittig–Heck and Photodehydrogenation Sequence

Blessy Rajan; Ashutosh V. Bedekar

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1590820

Synlett, Table of Contents

Synlett 2017; 28(17): 2262-2266
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1590820

letter

Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aza[7]helicenes by One-Pot Wittig–Heck and Photodehydrogenation Sequence

Authors

Blessy Rajan

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India Email: avbedekar@yahoo.co.in
Ashutosh V. Bedekar *

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India Email: avbedekar@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

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We dedicate this paper to Professor Pradeep Kumar of National Chemical Laboratory (Pune, India) on the occasion of his 60^th birthday

Abstract

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical aza[7]helicenes has been developed. The bis-styryl-type substrates for regiospecific photodehydrogenative oxidative double cyclization to give helicenes were prepared by a one-pot Wittig–Heck sequence as well as a stepwise procedure. The derivatives were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Key words

helical compounds - aza[7]helicenes - one-pot synthesis - Wittig reaction - Heck reaction - photocyclodehydrogenation.

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References

References and Notes

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18 Experimental Details Synthesis of 9-Butyl-3-(4-methylstyryl)-6-(styryl)-9H-carbazole (4a) by One-Pot Wittig–Heck Reaction A catalyst solution was prepared under nitrogen atmosphere using Pd(OAc)₂ (0.010 g, 0.045 mmol, 1 mol%) and dppp (0.037 g, 0.091 mmol, 2 mol %) in DMA (5 mL) at r.t. with constant stirring until a homogenous solution was obtained. A two-necked round-bottom flask was charged with 6-bromo-9-butyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (1, 1.500 g, 4.54 mmol), 4-methyl styrene (3x, 0.640 g, 5.450 mmol), benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (2x, 2.120 g, 5.450 mmol), dry K₂CO₃ (2.510 g, 18.200 mmol), TBAB (0.290 g, 0.908 mmol, 20 mol%), and DMA (10 mL), and the mixture was heated up to 100 °C. At 100 °C, the catalyst solution was added dropwise, and the mixture was heated to 140 °C for 48 h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc (3 × 100 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with water, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using PE–EtOAc (95:5) as eluent to afford cis-trans isomers of the compound 4a (0.92 g; 46%); R_f = 0.5 (5:95 EtOAc–PE). Physical state: white crystalline solid; mp 178–180 °C. IR (KBr): 3423, 3016, 2947, 1863, 1596, 1489, 1388, 1349, 1306, 1250, 1179, 1116, 1038, 970, 861, 823, 750 cm^–1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 8.28 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.70–7.67 (m, 2 H), 7.60–7.58 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.50–7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 7.16 (d, J = 16.4 Hz), 7.12–7.08 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 2 H), 6.93–6.91 (br d, 4 H), 4.32 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 2.4 (s, 3 H), 1.93–1.86 (m, 2 H), 1.47–1.38 (m, 2 H), 0.97 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 140.73, 140.53, 136.95, 136.48, 135.12, 132.47, 130.19, 129.43, 129.02, 128.82, 128.50, 128.32, 127.37, 126.19, 126.16, 124.74, 124.66, 124.63, 123.28, 123.19, 118.79, 118.51, 109.12, 43.08, 31.20, 21.30, 20.57, 13.93. General Procedure for Photocyclodehydrogenation Synthesis of 2-Methyl-9-butyl-9H-aza[7]helicene (6a) A solution of 3,6-distyryl-N-butylcarbazole (4a, 0.200 g, 0.45 mmol), iodine (0.253 g, 0.99 mmol), dry THF (3.26 g, 3.67 mL, 45.3 mmol), and toluene (610 mL) was irradiated using a 250 W HPMV lamp (10 h monitored by TLC). After the completion of the reaction, the excess of iodine was removed by washing the solution with aq Na₂S₂O₃ and water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by column chromatography over silica gel using PE–EtOAc (98:2) as eluent to obtain a pale yellow solid (0.06 g; 30%). R_f = 0.4 (EtOAc–PE = 5:95). Physical state: yellow solid; mp >200 °C. IR (KBr): 3427, 3042, 2952, 2927, 2867, 1725, 1660, 1588, 1522, 1495, 1450, 1339, 1283, 1218, 795, 746, 645 cm^–1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 8.14 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.99–7.96 (m, 3 H), 7.90–7.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.83–7.79 (m, 2 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.22–7.18 (m, 2 H), 7.05–7.03 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.28–6.24 (m, 1 H), 4.79 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 1.44 (s, 3 H), 1.04 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 139.23, 132.47, 131.49, 130.11, 129.91, 129.43, 128.34, 127.74, 127.43, 127.20, 126.82, 126.73, 126.61, 126.57, 126.53, 126.40, 126.14, 126.10, 125.91, 125.78, 124.03, 123.96, 122.34, 120.18, 116.75, 116.70, 109.57, 109.45, 43.44, 31.96, 20.77, 20.71, 13.98 ppm. HRMS (ESI-TOF): m/z calcd for C₃₃H₂₇N: 437.2143; found: 437.2140. The spectral and analytical data of other compounds are presented in the Supporting Information.

Supplementary Material

Supporting Information (PDF)