Traumatismo cranioencefálico leve: uma breve revisão

Resumo

Considerado a principal causa de invalidez, morte e consumo de recursos, o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) pode ser definido como uma alteração da função normal do cérebro causada por colisão ou movimentos bruscos na cabeça, ou ainda por um ferimento penetrante. Os TCEs são classificados como leves, moderados ou graves. No caso dos traumas leves, há uma grande variedade em sua classificação, que pode ser feita com base no uso da escala de Glasgow entre 13 e 15, em alterações da consciência, em amnésia, na nona revisão da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados com a Saúde (CID-9), e até na escala abreviada de lesões (EAL). Devido a sua importância (corresponde a 75% de todos os TCEs e, segundo o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], há aproximadamente 500 novos casos por 100 mil pessoas por ano), este trabalho faz uma revisão breve apontando a epidemiologia, as formas de diagnóstico e os possíveis prognósticos. Assim, podemos entender melhor os traumas leves, pois este é um dos poucos distúrbios da medicina em que a classificação benigna é enganosa, e pode estar associada a complicações ao longo da vida.

Abstract

Considered to be the main cause of invalidity and death, besides being extremely costly to the health care system, cranioencephalic trauma can be defined as an alteration of the normal brain function that can be caused by collisions, abrupt head movements or even penetrating injuries. Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can be classified as mild, moderate or severe. In the case of mild TBI, there is a great variability in its classification, which can be based on the Glasgow coma scale (between 13 and 15), alterations in consciousness, amnesia, the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), and even on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). Due to the importance of mild TBI (it corresponds to 75% of all TBIs and, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], there are ∼ 500 new cases per every 100,000 persons per year), the present report consists of a brief review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and possible prognosis of this type of injury. Further understanding is paramount, since mild TBI is one of the few disorders in medicine in which the benign classification can be misleading and still be associated to further complications.

Palavras-Chave

traumatismo encefálico - epidemiologia - diagnóstico - prognóstico

Keywords

brain injuries - epidemiology - diagnosis - prognosis

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