Synlett 2018; 29(17): 2301-2305
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1609950
letter
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Catalyst-Free Three-Component Synthesis of Spirobenzimidazolidines Bearing an Indole Scaffold

Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, PO Box 11155-9516, Tehran, Iran   Email: matloubi@sharif.edu
,
A. Moafi
,
Z. Zamani
,
M. Daneshfar
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 09 June 2018

Accepted after revision: 19 August 2018

Publication Date:
03 September 2018 (online)


Abstract

An efficient catalyst-free one-pot three-component reaction was developed for the synthesis of a new family of N- and S-containing spirocyclic compounds. Various derivatives of spirobenzimidazolidine containing an indole scaffold were synthesized for the first time in a modestly toxic solvent and under mild reaction conditions. The reaction times were of the order of several minutes, and all the products were obtained in moderate to high yields (overall yields 58–80%).

Supporting Information

 
  • References and Notes

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  • 18 2H-Thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,3(8H)-dione (4a); Typical Procedure A solution of oxalyl chloride (0.126 g, 1 mmol) in CH3CN (1 mL) was added dropwise at 25 °C to a stirred solution of thione 1a (0.149 g, 1 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL). The orange solid that rapidly formed was collected by filtration, washed with CH3CN, and dried to give an orange powder; yield: 0.12 g (60%); mp 215–217 °C. IR (KBr): 3232 (NH), 1733 (C=O), 1681 (C=O), 1448, 1399 and 1339 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 6.99 (d, 3 J HH = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.08 (t, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.25 (t, 3 J HH = 7.7 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.28 (d, 3 J HH = 7.2 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 12.61 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 112.9, 113.6, 119.4, 124.3, 124.7, 126.2, 139.6, 156.6, 170.8, 188.3. Anal. calcd for C10H5NO2S (203.00): C, 59.10; H, 2.48; N, 6.89. Found: C, 59.05; H, 2.44; N, 6.92. 8-Methyl-2H-thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,3(8H)-dione (4b) Orange powder; yield: 0.09 g (40%); mp 206–208 °C. IR (KBr): 1767 (C=O), 1688 (C=O), 1511, 1453 and 1415 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 3.81 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.37 (t, 3 J HH = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.46 (t, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.67 (d, 3 J HH = 8.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.18 (d, 3 J HH = 8.0 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 31.0, 110.8, 112.3, 120.8, 121.7, 124.3, 126.0, 138.6, 154.5, 167.6, 184.7. Anal. calcd for C11H7NO2S (217.02): C, 60.82; H, 3.25; N, 6.45. Found: C, 60.90; H, 3.34; N, 6.38. 8-Phenyl-2H-thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,3(8H)-dione (4c) Orange powder; yield: 0.16 g (58%); mp 168–170 °C. IR (KBr): 1764 (C=O), 1695 (C=O), 1592, 1499 and 1453 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 6.95 (d, 3 J HH = 8.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.14–7.28 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.33–7.40 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.65 (t, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.24 (d, 3 J HH = 7.8 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 111.2, 111.7, 119.9, 121.9, 124.4, 126.3, 128.6, 129.4, 130.2, 135.0, 139.5, 156.3, 167.4, 185.1. Anal. calcd for C16H9NO2S (279.31): C, 68.80; H, 3.25; N, 5.01. Found: C, 68.77; H, 3.36; N, 5.08.
  • 19 1,3-Dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3a); Typical Procedure In a round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer bar, thione 1a (1.5 mmol) was added to CH3CN (3 mL). A solution of oxalyl chloride (1.5 mmol) in CH3CN (1 mL) was added slowly to the flask. When the addition was complete, benzene-1,2-diamine (2a; 1 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at r.t. until the reaction was complete (TLC). The mixture was then filtered and the precipitate was washed with CH3CN (3 × 4 mL) to give an red amorphous powder; yield: 0.22 g (76%); mp 302–304 °C (dec.). IR (KBr): 3187 (NH), 1673 (C=O), 1588, 1504, 1456 and 1388 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 7.03–7.13 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.21–7.30 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.48 (d, 3 J HH = 7.7 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.71 (d, 3 J HH = 8.1 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.92 (s, 1 H, NH of indole), 12.35 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.43 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 106.6, 109.6, 115.5, 116.9, 121.4, 124.4, 124.5, 126.0, 126.0, 126.4, 129.1, 139.1, 144.0, 157.0, 176.8. Anal. calcd for C16H11N3OS (293.06): C, 65.51; H, 3.78; N, 14.32. Found: C, 65.55; H, 3.72; N, 14.24. 5-Chloro-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3b) Amorphous red powder: 0.24 g (72%); mp 368–370 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3112 (NH), 1688 (C=O), 1592, 1499, 1455 and 1383 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 7.02 (t, 3 J HH = 7.3 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.05–7.17 (m, 4 H, CH of Ar), 7.47 (s, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.68 (d, 3 J HH = 8.1 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.99 (s, 1 H, NH of indole), 12.33 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.49 (s, 1 H, NH).13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 107.3, 109.7, 114.8, 116.7, 117.0, 121.6, 123.0, 125.2, 126.7, 127.3, 128.0, 139.4, 143.5, 156.9, 177.9. Anal. calcd for C16H10ClN3OS (327.02): C, 58.63; H, 3.08; N, 12.82. Found: C, 58.68; H, 3.02; N, 12.89. 5-Methyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3c) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.24 g (78%); mp 296–298 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3246 (NH), 1672 (C=O), 1590, 1523, 1450 and 1385 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 2.34 (s, 3 H, CH3), 7.02–7.11 (m, 5 H, CH of Ar), 7.35 (d, 3 J HH = 8.3 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.71 (d, 3 J HH = 7.9 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.82 (s, 1 H, NH of indole), 12.24 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.36 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 20.8, 106.6, 109.6, 115.3, 116.7, 121.3, 121.4, 123.3, 124.4, 125.6, 126.4, 127.0, 134.1, 139.1, 143.9, 156.8, 176.6. Anal. calcd for C17H13N3OS (307.08): C, 66.43; H, 4.26; N, 13.67. Found: C, 66.39; H, 4.34; N, 13.73. 5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3d) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.26 g (80%); mp 334–336 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3157 (NH), 1682 (C=O), 1591, 1508, 1450 and 1391 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 2.15 (s, 6 H, 2CH3), 6.86–7.23 (m, 5 H, CH of Ar), 8.70 (d, 3 J HH = 6.4 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.77 (s, 1 H, NH of indole), 12.23 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.31 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 19.4, 107.8, 109.6, 113.7, 116.1, 118.3, 123.7, 125.6, 126.2, 126.5, 131.9, 140.3, 155.6, 177.3. Anal. calcd for C18H15N3OS (321.09): C, 67.27; H, 4.70; N, 13.07. Found: C, 67.34; H, 4.73; N, 13.03. 8′-Methyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3e) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.20 g (66%); mp 286–288 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3032 (NH), 1669 (C=O), 1521, 1454 and 1363 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 3.74 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.22–7.35 (m, 6 H, CH of Ar), 7.50 (d, 3 J HH = 7.9 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.72 (d, 3 J HH = 8.1 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.92 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.35 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 31.4, 109.3, 110.6, 115.4, 116.9, 122, 124.2, 124.4, 128.1, 129.7, 138.1, 143.4, 157.0, 173.1. Anal. calcd for C17H13N3OS (307.08): C, 66.43; H, 4.26; N, 13.67. Found: C, 66.37; H, 4.33; N, 13.62. 5-Chloro-8′-methyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3f) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.21 g (61%); mp 350–352 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3054 (NH), 1691 (C=O), 1500, 1455 and 1388 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 3.69 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.14–7.24 (m, 4 H, CH of Ar), 7.28 (d, 3 J HH = 7.9 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.45 (s, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.67 (d, 3 J HH = 8.1 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.97 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.31 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 30.6, 109.4, 110.6, 114.8, 116.2, 117.0, 118.4, 122.2, 123.0, 125.2, 127.0, 127.3, 128.0, 138.5, 142.9, 155.4, 176.3. Anal. calcd for C17H12ClN3OS (341.04): C, 59.74; H, 3.54; N, 12.29. Found: C, 59.66; H, 3.63; N, 12.37. 5,8′-Dimethyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3g) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.21 g (64%); mp 272–274 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3042 (NH), 1687 (C=O), 1594, 1455 and 1362 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 2.36 (s, 3 H, CH3), 3.75 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.10–7.24 (m, 4 H, CH of Ar), 7.34–7.38 (m, 2 H, CH of Ar), 8.73 (d, 3 J HH = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 12.32 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.35 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 20.8, 31.4, 109.2, 110.6, 115.5, 116.7, 120.7, 121.9, 124.2, 124.4, 127.0, 128.1, 129.6, 134.0, 136.0, 143.4, 156.8, 173.6. Anal. calcd for C18H15N3OS (321.09): C, 67.27; H, 4.70; N, 13.07. Found: C, 67.30; H, 4.76; N, 13.11. 5,6,8′-Trimethyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3h) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.22 g (67%); mp 312–314 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3061 (NH), 1680 (C=O), 1514, 1447 and 1394 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 2.16 (s, 6 H, 2CH3), 3.77 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.14–7.28 (m, 5 H, CH of Ar), 8.70 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.79 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.28 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 19.4, 30.7, 108.9, 111.3, 114.9, 116.1, 118.6, 123.8, 127.1, 128.6, 129.2, 131.5, 141.6, 155.6, 179.2. Anal. calcd for C19H17N3OS (335.11): C, 68.04; H, 5.11; N, 12.53. Found: C, 68.11; H, 5.08; N, 12.44. 5-Methyl-8′-phenyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3i) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.27 g (71%); mp 280–282 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3035 (NH), 1669 (C=O), 1491, 1430 and 1358 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 2.33 (s, 3 H, CH3), 7.06–7.13 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.38 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.48 (d, 3 J HH = 7.0 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.56 (t, 3 J HH = 8.0 Hz, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.65 (t, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.96 (d, 3 J HH = 8.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.75 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 12.31 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.34 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 20.8, 106.8, 109.3, 111.1, 116.9, 122.0, 122.1, 123.1, 124.5, 126.4, 127.1, 127.5, 128.6, 129.2, 130.1, 134.2, 137.2, 141.2, 144.2, 156.7, 177.2. Anal. calcd for C23H17N3OS (383.47): C, 72.04; H, 4.47; N, 10.96. Found: C, 71.95; H, 4.53; N, 10.93. 5-Chloro-8′-phenyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3j) Amorphous red powder; yield: 0.27 g (68%); mp 292–294 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3047 (NH), 1677 (C=O), 1495, 1437 and 1361 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 7.10–7.14 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.38 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.55–7.59 (m, 3 H, CH of Ar), 7.65 (t, 3 J HH = 8.0 Hz, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.95 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.73 (d, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.99 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.46 (s, 1 H, NH).13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 107.4, 109.5, 111.2, 114.8, 116.5, 117.0, 122.0, 123.1, 125.9, 126.7, 127.0, 128.3, 129.1, 129.3, 130.2, 137.0, 141.5, 143.9, 156.9, 176.7. Anal. calcd for C22H14ClN3OS (403.88): C, 65.43; H, 3.49; N, 10.40. Found: C, 65.46; H, 3.41; N, 10.45. 5-Nitro-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3k) Amorphous brown powder; yield: 0.23 g (70%); mp 348–350 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3186 (NH), 1683 (C=O), 1602 (NO2), 1528, 1461, 1386 (Ar), 1334 (NO2) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 6.87–7.22 (m, 4 H, CH of Ar), 7.88 (s, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.92 (d, 3 J HH = 7.4 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.69 (d, 3 J HH = 7.3 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 11.74 (s, 1 H, NH of indole), 12.37 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.60 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 109.9, 110.2, 111.6, 112.0, 114.6, 116.8, 120.2, 122.0, 123.6, 125.9, 127.2, 133.8, 138.7, 142.4, 157.1, 178.5. Anal. calcd for C16H10N4O3S (338.34): C, 56.80; H, 2.98; N, 16.56. Found: C, 56.87; H, 3.07; N, 16.52. 8′-Methyl-5-nitro-1,3-dihydrospiro[benzimidazole-2,2′-thieno[2,3-b]indol]-3′(8′H)-one (3l) Amorphous brown powder; yield: 0.20 g (58%); mp 306–308 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3049 (NH), 1689 (C=O), 1601 (NO2), 1529, 1456, 1334 (Ar), 1327 (NO2) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 3.7 (s, 3 H, NCH3), 7.16–7.23 (m, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.34–7.38 (m, 2 H, CH of Ar), 7.95 (s, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.98 (d, 3 J HH = 7.4 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.73 (d, 3 J HH = 8.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 12.43 (s, 1 H, NH), 12.67 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 106.8, 109.3, 111.1, 116.9, 122.0, 122.1, 123.1, 124.5, 126.4, 127.1, 127.5, 128.6, 129.2, 130.1, 134.2, 137.2, 141.2, 144.2, 156.7, 177.2. Anal. calcd for C17H12N4O3S (352.37): C, 57.95; H, 3.43; N, 15.90. Found: C, 57.90; H, 3.37; N, 15.98. 2-[(2-Aminoethyl)imino]-2H-thieno[2,3-b]indol-3(8H)-one (5) Amorphous yellow powder; yield: 0.17 g (71%); mp 184–186 °C (dec.); IR (KBr): 3295 (NH), 3201 (NH), 1660 (C=O), 1522, 1437, 1328 (Ar) cm–1. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δH = 3.39–3.42 (m, 4 H, CH2), 6.86 (d, 3 J HH = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 6.93 (t, 3 J HH = 8.2 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 7.92 (d, 3 J HH = 8.4 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 8.07 (s, 2 H, NH2), 8.34 (t, 3 J HH = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, CH of Ar), 10.92 (s, 1 H, NH). 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δC = 36.5, 41.0, 108.2, 109.4, 119.0, 120.3, 121.1, 123.8, 137.4, 152.3, 160.6, 171.2. Anal. calcd for C12H11N3OS (245.30): C, 58.76; H, 4.52; N, 17.13. Found: C, 58.71; H, 4.59; N, 17.09.