Biomechanische Testung in der Orthopädie und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie

Zusammenfassung

Seit dem Beginn der neunziger Jahre haben sich die Wissensgebiete der experimentellen Orthopädie und Traumatologie, der Biomechanik und der Biotribologie in großen Schritten weiterentwickelt. Innovative, nachhaltige Produkte oder auch die Neukombination klinisch bewährter Designprinzipien können nur auf Basis tiefgreifender Kenntnisse der Biomechanik, der Biomaterialien und der klinischen Anwendung präklinisch evaluiert werden. Daher erfordert die Entwicklung leistungsfähiger Prüfmethoden zur Charakterisierung neuer Implantatsysteme die enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Implantatentwicklern, Operateuren, Biomechanikern, Biomaterialexperten und Biologen, sowie die aktive Mitarbeit in den internationalen Normungsgremien. Am Beispiel von ausgewählten Fragestellungen mit hoher klinischer Relevanz werden der Stand der Forschung und aktuelle Vorhaben bei der Entwicklung von neuen Prüfverfahren in der Gelenkendoprothetik und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie vorgestellt.

Summary

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the fields of knowledge in experimental orthopaedics and traumatology, biomechanics and biotribology have developed considerably. Innovative and sustainable products or also combinations of clinically proven design principles can only be pre-clinically evaluated on the basis of profound knowledge of biomechanics, biomaterials and the clinical application. Therefore, the development of suitable test methods for the characterization of new implant concepts requires interdisciplinary cooperation between research engineers, surgeons, biomechanic and material scientists, biologists and the active involvement in international standardization committees. The current state of research and development of test methods in joint endoprosthetics and spinal surgery is presented using selected issues of high clinical relevance.

Schlüsselwörter

Gelenkendoprothetik - Wirbelsäulenchirurgie - präklinische Prüfung - Normung

Keywords

Joint arthroplasty - spinal surgery - pre-clinical evaluation - standardization

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