Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1995; 74(01): 294-301
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642693
Symposium
Regulation of Fibrinolysis by Cells and ECM
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Cellular Receptors in the Regulation of Plasmin Generation

Katherine A Hajjar
Department of Pediatrics, Cornell University Medical College of New York, New York, NY, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
09 July 2018 (online)

  PDF Download  Permissions and Reprints
 

  • References

  • 1 Collen D, Lijnen HR. Fibrinolysis and the Control of Hemostasis. In: The Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases.. Second Edition Stamatoyannopoulos G, Nienhuis AW, Majeras PW, Varmus H. eds. W.B. Saunders Company,; Philadelphia: PA 1994: 725-752
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Hajjar KA, Nachman RL. The Human Endothelial Cell Plasmin-Generating System. In: Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Basic Principles and Clinical Practice.. Third Edition Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW. eds. J.B. Lippincott Company; Philadelphia, PA: 1994: 823-836
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Plow EF, Felez J, Miles LA. Cellular regulation of fibrinolysis. Thromb. Haemost 1991; 66: 32-36
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Miles LA, Plow EF. Plasminogen receptors: ubiquitous sites for cellular regulation of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis 1988; 2: 61-71
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Hall S, Van den Berg S, Gonias S. Plasminogen caibohydrate side chains in receptor binding and enzyme activation: a study of C6 glioma cells and primary cutures of rat hepatocytes. J Cell Biochem 1990; 43: 213-227
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Camacho M, Fondaneche M, Burtin P. Limited proteolysis of tumor cells increases their plasmin-binding ability. FEBS Lett 1989; 245: 21-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Pollanen J. Down-regulation of plasmin receptors on human sarcoma cells by glucocorticoids. J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264: 5628-5632
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Burtin P, Chavanel G, Andre J. The plasmin system in human colonic tumors: an immunofluorescence study. Int. J. Cancer 1985; 35: 307-314
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Clavel C, Chavanel G, Birembaut P. Detection of the plasmin generating system in human mammary pathology using immunofluorescence. Cancer Res. 1986; 46: 5743-5747
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Burtin P, Chavanel G, Andre-Bougaran J, Gentile A. The plasmin system in humana adenocarcinomas and their metastases: a comparative immunofluorescence study. Int. J. Cancer 1987; 39: 170-178
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Hajjar KA, Nachman RL. Endothelial cell-mediated conversion of Glu- plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen. Further evidence for assembly of the fibrinolytic system on the endothelial cell surface. J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 1769-1778
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Hajjar KA, Harpel PC, Jaffe EA, Nachman RL. Binding of plasminogen to cultured endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 11656-11662
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Miles LA, Dahlberg CM, Plow EF. The cell-binding domains of plasminogen and their function in plasma. J. Biol. Chem. 1988; 263: 11928-11934
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Schafer Al, Rodriguez R, Loscalzo J, Gimbrone Jr. MA. Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell prostacyclin synthesis by plasmin. Blood 1989; 74: 1015-1020
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Bauer PI, Machovich R, Buki KG, Csonka E, Koch SA, Horvath L. Interaction of plasmin with endothelial cells. Biochem. J. 1984; 281: 119-124
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Silverstein RL, Friedlander RJ, Nicholas RL, Nachman RL. Binding of lys-plasminogen tomonocytesandmacrophages. J.Clin.Invest. 1988; 82: 1948-1955
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Miles LA, Dahlberg CM, Levin EG, Plow EF. Gangliosides interact directly with plasminogen and urokinase and may mediate binding of these components to cells. Biochemistry 1990; 193: 759-765
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Miles LA, Dahlberg CM, Plescia J, Felez J, Kato K, Plow EF. Role of cell- surface lysines in plasminogen binding to cells: Identification of a-enolase as a candidate plasminogen receptor. Biochemistry 1991; 30: 1682-1691
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Kanalas JJ, and Makker SP. Identification of the rat Heymann nephritis autoantigen (GP330) as a receptor site for plasminogen. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 10825-10829
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Lottenberg R, Broder CC, Boyle MD P, Kain SJ, Schroeder BL, Curtiss R. Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in Escherichia coli of a streptococcal plasmin receptor. J. Bacteriol 1992; 174: 5204-5210
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Miles LA, Ginsberg MH, Plow EF. Plasminogen interacts with human platelets through two distinct mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 1986; 77: 2001-2009
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Gonzales-Gronow M, Gawdi G, Pizzo SV. Characterization of the plasminogen receptors of normal and rheumatoid arthritis human synovial fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 4360-4366
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Parkkinen J, Rauvala H. Interactions of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) with amphoterin: Enhancement of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation by amphoterin. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 16730-16735
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Dudani AK, Cummings C, Hashemi S, Ganz P. Isolation of a novel 45 kDa plasminogen receptor from human endothelial cells. Thromb. Res. 1993; 69: 185-196
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Hajjar KA. The endothelial cell tissue plasminogen activator receptor: specific interactions with plasminogen. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 21962-21970
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Hajjar KA, Hamel NH. Identification and characterization of human endothelial cell membrane binding sites for tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 2908-2916
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Scanu AM, Fless GM. Lipoprotein(a): Heterogenity and biological relevance. J Clin Invest 1990; 85 (06) 1709-1715
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Uterman G. The mysteries of lipoprotein (a). Science 1989; 246: 904-910
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Loscalzo J. Lipoprotein(a): a unique risk factor for atherothrombotic disease. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 672-679
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Eaton DL, Fless GM, Kohr WJ, McLean JW, Xu Q-T, Miller CG, Lawn RM, Scanu AM. Partial amino acid sequence of apolipoprotein(a) shows that it is homologous to plasminogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 3224-3228
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 McLean JW, Tomlinson JE, Kuang WJ, Eaton DL, Chen EY, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Lawn RM. cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein is homologous to plasminogen. Nature 1987; 330: 132-137
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Weitkamp LR, Guttormsen SA, Schultz JS. Linkage between the loci for the Lp(a) lipoprotein (Lp) and plasminogen (PLG). Hum Genet 1988; 79: 80-82
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Hajjar KA, Gavish D, Breslow JL, Nachman RL. Lipoprotein(a) modulation of endothelial cell surface fibrinolysis and its potential role in atherosclerosis. Nature 1989; 339: 303-305
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Miles LA, Fless GM, Levin EG, Scanu AM, PLow EF. Potential basis for the thrombotic risks associated with lipoprotein(a). Nature 1989; 339: 301-303
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Gonzales-Gronow M, Edelberg JM, Pizzo SV. Further characterization of the cellular plasminogen binding site: evidence that plasminogen 2 and lipoprotein(a) compete for the same site. Biochemistry 1989; 28: 2374-2377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Keesler GA, Li Y, Skiba PJ, Fless GM, Tabas I. Macrophage foam cell lipoprotein(a)/apoprotein(a) receptor. Art. Thromb 1994; 14: 1337-1345
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Howard GC, Pizzo SV. Biology of disease: lipoprotein(a) and its role in atherothrombotic disease. Lab. Invest. 1993; 69: 373-386
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 rainger DJ, Kemp PR, Liu AC, Lawn RM, Metcalfe JC. Activation of transforming growth factor-P is inhibited in transgenic apolipoprotein(a) mice. Nature 1994; 370: 460-462
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Grainger DJ, Kirschenlohr HL, Metcalfe JC, Weissberg PL, Wade DP, Lawn RM. Proliferation of human smooth muscle cells promoted by lipoprotein(a). Science 1993; 260: 1655-1658
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Appella E, Robinson EA, Ullrich SJ, Stoppelli MP, Corti A, Cassani G, Blasi F. The receptor-binding sequence of urokinase. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 4437-4440
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Cubellis MV, Nolli ML, Cassani G, Blasi F. Binding of single-chain prourokinase to the urokinase receptor of human U937 cells. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 15819-15822
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Stoppelli MP, Corti A, Soffientini A, Cassani G, Blasi F, Assoian RK. Differentiation-enhanced binding of the amino-terminal fragment of human urokinase plasminogen activator to a specific receptor on U937 monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 4939-4943
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Vassalli JD, Baccino D, Belin D. A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator, urokinase. J Cell Biol 1985; 100: 86-92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Fibbi G, Dini G, Pasquali F, Pucci M, Rosso MDel. The Mr 17,500 region of the A chain of urokinase is required for interaction with a specific receptor in A431 cells. Biochem Biophys Acta 1986; 885: 301-308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Stoppelli MP, Tacchetti C, Cubellis MV, Corti A, Hearing V, Cassani G, Appella E, Blasi F. Autocrine saturation of prourokinase receptors on human A431 cells. Cell 1986; 45: 675-684
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Bajpai A, Baker JB. Cryptic urokinase binding site on human foreskin fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 133: 475-482
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Bajpai A, Baker JB. Urokinase binding sites on human foreskin cells. Evidence for occupancy with endogenous urokinase. B iochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 133: 994-1000
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Rosso MDel, Dini G, Fibbi G. Receptors for plasminogen activator, urokinase, in normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed mouse fibroblasts. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 630-636
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Huarte J, Belin D, Bosco D, Sappino AP, Vassalli JD. Plasminogen activator and mouse spermatozoa: urokinase synthesis in the male genital tract and binding of the enzyme to the sperm cell surface. J Cell Biol 1987; 104: 1281-1289
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Del Rosso M, Pucci M, Fibbi G, Dini G. Interaction of urokinase with specific receptors abolishes the time of commitment to terminal differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (Friend) cells. BrJ Haematol 1987; 66: 289-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Shuman MA, Merkel CH. Urokinase binding to bovine comeal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 1985; 41: 371-382
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Bamathan ES, Kuo A, Rosenfeld L, Kariko K, Leski M, Robbati F, Nolli ML, Henkin J, Cines DB. Interaction of single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator with human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 2865-2872
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Bamathan ES, Kuo A, Kariko K, Rosenfeld L, Murray S, Behrend N, Ronne E, Weiner D, Henkin J, Cines DB. Characterization of human endothelial cell urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor protein and messenger RNA. Blood 1990; 76: 1795-1806
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Blasi F, Stoppelli MP, Cubellis MV. The receptor for urokinase-plasminogen activator. J Cell Biochem 1986; 32: 179-186
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Roldan AL, Cubellis MV, Masucci MT, Behrendt N, Lund LR, Dano K, Appella E, Blasi F. Cloning and expression of the receptor for human urokinase plasminogen activator, a central molecule in cell surface, plasmin dependent proteolysis. EMBO J 1990; 9: 467-474
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Ploug M, Kjalke M, Ronne E, Weidle U, Hoyer-Hansen G, Dano K. Localization of the disulfide bonds in the NH2-terminaI domain of the cellular receptor for human urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 1993; 268: 17539-17546
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Ploug M, Ronne E, Behrendt N, Jensen AL, Blasi F, Dano K. Cellular receptorforurokinaseplasminogen activator: Carboxyl-terminal processing and membrane anchoring by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. J. Biol. Chem. 1191; 266: 1926-1933
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Kristensen P, Eriksen J, Blasi F, Dano K. Two alternatively spliced mouse urokinase receptor mRNAs with different histological localization in the gastrointestinal tract. J Cell Biol 1991; 115: 1763-1771
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Behrendt N, Ronne E, Ploug M, Petri T, Lober D, Nielsen LS, Schleuning W-D, Blasi F, Appella E, Dano K. The human receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. NH2 terminal aminoacid sequence and glycosylation variants. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 6453-6460
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Ellis V, Wun TC, Behrendt N, Ronne E, Dano K. Inhibition of receptor- bound urokinase by plasminogen-activator inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 9904-9908
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Cubellis MV, Anderson P, Ragno P, Mayer M, Dano K, Blasi F. Accessibility of receptor bound urokinase to type-i plasminogen activatorinhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 4828-4832
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Cubellis MV, Wun TC, Blasi F. Receptor-mediated internalization and degradation of urokinase is caused by its specific inhibitor PAI-l. EMBO J 1990; 9: 1079-1085
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Ellis V, Behrendt N, Dano K. Plasminogen activation by receptor-bound urokinase: A kinetic study with both cell-associated and isolated receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 12752-12758
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Laug WE. Glucocorticoids inhibit plasminogen activator production by endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemost. 1983; 50: 888-892
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Levin EG, Loskutoff DJ. Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. J Cell Biol 1982; 94: 631-636
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Silverstein RL, Nachman RL, Leung LL K, Harpel PC. Activation of immobilizedplasminogenbytissueactivator. JBiolChem 1985; 260: 10346-10352
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Hajjar KA, Hamel NM, Harpel PC, Nachman RL. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 1712-1719
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Sanzo MA, Howard SC, Wittwer AJ, Cochrane HM. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to human aortic endothelial cells. Biochem J 1990; 269: 475-482
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Beebe DF. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thromb Res 1987; 46: 241-254
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Bamathan ES, Kuo A, Van derKeyl H, McCrae KR, Larsen GR, Cines DB. Tissue-type plasminogen activator binding to human endothelial cells. Evidence for two distinct sites. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 7792-7799
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Reilly TM, Whitfield MD, Taylor DS, Timmermans PB. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to cultured human fibroblasts. Thromb Haemost 1989; 61: 454-458
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Morton PA, Owensby DA, Billadello JJ. Identification of determinants involved in binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 complexes to HepG2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 14093-14099
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Bu G, Williams S, Strickland DK, Schwartz AL. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/a2 -macroglobulin receptor is an hepatic receptor fortissue type plasminogen activator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1992; 89: 7427-7431
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Nguyen G, Self SJ, Camani C, Kruithof EK O. Demonstration of a specific clearance receptor for tissue-type plasminogen activator on rat Novikoff cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 6249-6256
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Otter M, Barret-Bergshoeff MM, Rijken DC. Binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator by the mannose receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 13931-13935
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Hajjar KA, Jacovina AT, Chacko J. An endothelial cell receptor for plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator: I. Identity with annexin II. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 21191-21197
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Gao S, Morser J, McLean K, Shuman MA. Differential effect of platelets on plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase, and streptokinase. Thromb. Res. 1990; 58: 421-433
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Ramakrishnan V, Sinicropi DV, Dere R, Darbonne WC, Bechtol KB, Baker JB. Interaction of wild-type and catalytically inactive mutant forms of tissue-type plasminogen activator with human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 2755-2762
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Russell ME, Quertermous T, Declerck PJ, Collen D, Haber E, Homey CJ. Binding of tissue-type plamsinogen activator with human endothelial cell monolayers: characterization fo the high affinity interaction with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265: 2569-2575
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 eebe DB, Miles LA, Plow EF. A linear amino acid sequence involved in the interaction of t-PA with its endothelial cell receptor. Blood 1989; 74: 2034-2037
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Raynal P, Pollard HB. Annexins; the problem of assessing the biologic role for a gene family of multifuncp tional calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins. Biochim. Biophys.Acta 1994; 1197: 63-93
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Swairjo MA, Seaton BA. Annexin structure and membrane interactions: a molecular perspective. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 1994; 23: 193-213
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Cesamtan GM, Guevara CA, Hajjar KA. An endothelial cell receptor for plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator II. Annexin II-mediated enhancement of t-PA-dependent plasminogen activation. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 21198-21203
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Chung CY, Erickson HP. Cell surface annexin II is a high affinity receptor for the alternatively spliced segment of tenascin-C. J. Cell Biol. 1994; 126: 539-548
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Wright JF, Kurosky A, Wasi S. An endothelial cell-surface form of annexin II binds human cytomegalovirus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1994; 198: 983-989
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Hajjar KA, Guevara CA, Dowling K. Identification of the endothelial cell binding domains of a plasminogenAissue plasminogen activator receptor, annexin II. Blood. 1994; 84: 392a
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Camera M, Paulin D, Vicart P, Hajjar KA, Weksler BB. Profibrinolytic phenotype of immortalized human endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemostasis.. 1995 (abstract), in press
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Falcone DJ, Borth W, Matthew J, Guevara C, Hajjar KA. Annexin II is a plasminogen receptor on THP-1 macrophages. FASEB J.. 1995 (abstract), in press
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Menell JS, Cesarman GM, McLaughlin MM, Lev E, Hajjar KA. Annexin II: Potential role in the coagulopathy of promyelocytic leukemia. Clin. Res.. 1995 (abstract), in press
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Hajjar KA. Homocysteine-induced modulation of tissue plasminogen activator binding to its endothelial. cell membrane receptor 1993; 261: 11656-11662
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Bu G, Warshawsky I, Schwartz AL. Cellular receptors for the plasminogen activators. Blood 1994; 83: 3427-3426
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Scott RW, Bergman BL, Bajpai A, Hersh RT, Rodriguez H, Jones BN, Berreda C, Watts S, Baker JB. Protease nexin: properties and a modified purification procedure. J. Biol. Chem. 1985; 260: 7029-7034
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Cunningham DD, VanNostrand WE, Farrell DH, Campbell CH. Interactions of serine proteases with cultured fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 1986; 32: 281-291
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Strickland DK, Ashcomb JD, Williams S, Burgess WH, Migliorini M, Argraves WS. Sequence identity between the ct2 -macroglobulin receptor and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein suggests that this molecule is a multifunctional receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 17401-17404
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Stump DC, Kieckens L, De Cock F, Collen D. Pharmacokinetics of single chain forms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 1987; 242: 245-250
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Beisiegel U, Weber W, Ihrke G, Herz J, Stanley KK. The LDL-receptor- related protein, LRP, is an apolipoprotein E-binding protein. Nature 1989; 341: 162-164
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Brown MS, Herz J, Kowal RC, Goldstein JL. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein: Double agent or decoy. Curr Opin Lipidol 1991; 2: 65-65
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Herz J, Goldstein JL, Strickland DK, Ho YK, Brown MS. 39 kDa protein modulates binding of ligands to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/a2 -macroglobulin receptor. J.Biol.Chem. 1991; 266: 21232-21238
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Herz J, Clouthier DE, Hammer RE. LDLreceptor-related protein internalizes and degrades u-PA:PAl-l complexes and is essential for embryo implantation. Cell 1992; 71: 411-421
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Herz J, Clouthier DE, Hammer RE. Correction: LDL receptor-related protein internalizes and degrades uPA-PAI-1 complexes and is essentialfor embryo implantation. Cell 1993; 73: 428 (letter)
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Kuiper J, Otter M, Rijken DC, Van Berkel TJ C. Characterization of the interaction in vivo of tissue-type plasminogen activator with liver cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1988; 263: 18220-18224
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Nilsson T, Wallen P, Mellbring G. In vivo metabolism of human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Scand J. Haematol. 1984; 30: 2311-2314
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Fuchs HE, Berger H, Pizzo SV. Catabolism of human tissue plasminogen activator in mice. Blood. 1985; 65: 539-544
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Kominger C, Stassen JM, Collen D. Turnover of human extrinsic (tissue- type) plasminogen activator in rabbits. Thromb. Haemostasis 1981; 46: 658-661
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Emeis JJ. Hepatic clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator in rats. Thromb. Haemostasis. 1983; 50: 295a-295a
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Nilsson S, Einarsson M, Ekvam S, Haggroth L, Mattson C. Turnover of tissue plasminogen activator in normal and hepatectomized rabbits. Thromb, Res. 1985; 39: 511-521
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Rijken DC, Emeis JJ. Clearance of the heavy and light chains of human tissue-type plasminogen activator in rats. Biochem. J. 1986; 238: 643-646
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Einarsson M, Smedsrod B, Pertoft H. Uptake and degradation of tissue plasminogen activator in rat liver. Tromb. Haemostasis. 1988; 59: 474-479
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Orth K, Madison EL, Gething MJ, Sambrook JF, Herz J. Complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its serpin inhibitor plasminogen- activator inhibitor type 1 are internalized by means of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/a2 -macroglobulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 7422-7426
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Bu G, Morton PA, Schwartz AL. Identification and partial characterization by chemical cross-linking of a binding protein for tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 15595-15602
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Otter M, Barrett-Bergshoeff MM, Rijken DC. Binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator by the mannose receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 13931-13935
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 112 Hajjar KA, Reynolds CM. a-fucose-mediated binding and degradation of tissue-type plasminogen activator by HepG2 cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1994; 93: 703-710
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 113 Harris RJ, Leonard CF, Guzzetta AW, Spellman MW. Tissue plasminogen activator has O-linked fucose attached to threonine-61 in the epidermal growth factor domain. Biochemistry 1991; 30: 2311-2314
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar