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DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667341
Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Term Neonates: A Case-controlled Study
Fatores Maternos Associados ao Baixo peso de Nascimento em Neonatos a Termo: um Estudo de Caso-controlePublication History
02 April 2018
28 May 2018
Publication Date:
24 August 2018 (online)

Abstract
Objective To identify maternal factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates.
Methods Matched hospital-based case-controlled study performed in a high complexity institution located in the city of Neiva, Colombia. The study included women with term gestation and singleton live fetuses. Patients with prior diseases, coming from other regions, with pregnancy resulting from assisted reproduction, or with a diagnosis of fetal abnormality or aneuploidy were excluded. Low birth weight was the dependent variable, and the independent variables that were analyzed were maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Adjusted and non-adjusted odds ratios (aOR and OR) together with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported.
Results The study included 270 participants (90 cases and 180 controls). Controlling for maternal age, educational level, socioeconomic and civil status, social security and the presence of maternal disease during gestation, it was found that weight gain (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70–0.85) and the absence of prenatal care (aOR 8.20, 95% CI 3.22–20.87) were among the factors associated with low birth weight.
Conclusions The absence of weight gain and of prenatal care are factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates and should be considered in clinical practice.
Resumo
Objetivo Identificar fatores maternos associados à presença de baixo peso ao nascer em neonatos a termo.
Métodos Estudo de caso-controle realizado em uma instituição de alta complexidade localizada na cidade de Neiva, Colômbia. O estudo incluiu mulheres com gestação a termo e fetos vivos únicos. Pacientes com doenças prévias, provenientes de outras regiões, com gravidez resultante de reprodução assistida, ou com diagnóstico de anormalidade fetal ou aneuploidia foram excluídos. O baixo peso ao nascer foi a variável dependente, e as variáveis independentes analisadas foram as características sociodemográficas e clínicas maternas. Razões de chance ajustadas e não ajustadas (RCa e RC) juntamente com os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram relatadas.
Resultados O estudo incluiu 270 participantes (90 casos e 180 controles). Controlando a idade materna, nível escolar, socioeconômico e civil, segurança social e a presença de doença materna durante a gestação, constatou-se que ganho de peso (RCa 0,77, IC 95% 0,70–0,85) e ausência de pré-natal (RCa 8,20, IC 95% 3,22–20,87) estavam entre os fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer.
Conclusão As ausências de ganho ponderal e de pré-natal são fatores associados à presença de baixo peso ao nascer em recém-nascidos a termo e devem ser considerados na prática clínica.
Keywords
case-controlled studies - developing countries - low birth weight - risk factors - term birthPalavras-chave
estudos de caso-controle - países em desenvolvimento - baixo peso ao nascer - fatores de risco - termo de nascimentoContributions
Each author participated actively in the planning, execution and conduction of this study. The authors drafted the manuscript, edited, and approved the final, submitted version. None of the authors has a financial or any other conflict of interest.
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