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Semin Reprod Med 2018; 36(03/04): 211-220
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675777
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Embryo Culture Conditions and the Epigenome

Sneha Mani
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
,
Monica Mainigi
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
13 March 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) lead to an increased risk for pregnancy complications, congenital abnormalities, and specific imprinting disorders. Epigenetic dysfunction is thought to be one common mechanism which may be affecting these outcomes. The timing of multiple ART interventions overlaps with developmental time periods that are particularly vulnerable to epigenetic change. In vitro embryo culture is known to impact blastocyst development, in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates, as well as neonatal outcomes. Embryo culture, in contrast to other procedures involved in ART, is obligatory, and has the highest potential for causing alterations in epigenetic reprograming. In this review, we summarize progress that has been made in exploring the effects of embryo culture, culture media, and oxygen tension on epigenetic regulation in the developing embryo. In humans, it is difficult to isolate the role of embryo culture on epigenetic perturbations. Therefore, additional well-controlled animal studies isolating individual exposures are necessary to minimize the epigenetic effects of modifiable factors utilized during ART. Findings from these studies will likely not only improve IVF success rates but also reduce the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Keywords

IVF - embryo culture - culture media - oxygen tension - DNA methylation
 

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