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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 24(01): e24-e30
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697992
Original Research
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire Translation into Brazilian Portuguese: A Validation Study

Authors

  • Joana Tavares-Brito

    1   Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
    2   Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

  • Anna Carolina de Oliveira Fonseca

    3   Department of Otolaryngology, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

  • Rodolfo Prado Torres 

    2   Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

  • Martinus M. van Veen

    1   Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
    4   Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  • Jacqueline Greene

    1   Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

  • Raquel Salomone

    3   Department of Otolaryngology, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

  • Fayez Bahmad Jr 

    2   Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

  • Tessa Hadlock

    1   Department of Otolaryngology, Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

  • Ricardo Ferreira Bento 

    3   Department of Otolaryngology, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Further Information

Publication History

27 February 2019

01 August 2019

Publication Date:
07 January 2020 (online)

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Abstract

Introduction Facial nerve palsy results in both functional disability and psychological morbidity. There are several well-established grading scales to quantify the quality of life of these patients.

Objective Translate and validate the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) to Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods This study adopted a forward-backward translation method and performed cross-cultural adaptation. A pilot study was conducted to correct any confusing language and to evaluate content validity. A validation study was then performed. Internal consistency of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the FaCE and SAQ items was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient between FaCE and SAQ scores to eFACE, House-Brackmann, Short Form 12 (SF-12) and Facial Disability Index (FDI) (sub)scores.

Results A total of 90 patients were included. Cronbach’s alpha for total domain scored 0.881 for FaCE and 0.809 for SAQ. FaCE total score correlation to eFACE total and House-Brackmann showed Spearman’s r value of 0.537 and −0.538, respectively (p < 0.001). SAQ correlation to eFACE synkinesis subdomain was −0.449 (p < 0.001). No correlation was found between SAQ and HB score. FaCE total score correlations were of 0.301 and 0.547 for SF-12 PCS and MCS, respectively (p < 0.001). Correlation between FaCE total and FDI Physical and Social/well-being functions were 0.498 and 0.567 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Brazilian Portuguese FaCE scale and SAQ versions achieved high validity and reliability in the present study. These translated instruments demonstrated good psychometric properties, being proper to use in clinical practice in Brazil and with Brazilian Portuguese speakers.

Keywords

facial palsy - synkinesis - translation - validation - quality of life - questionnaire

Supplementary Material