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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 26(03): e296-e303
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741027
Original Research

Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on the Recovery from Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Miguel Sá Breda 
1   Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
,
Ana Sousa Menezes 
1   Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
,
Tiago Gil Oliveira 
2   Neuroradiology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
3   Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
4   ICVS/3B's, Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
,
Luís Dias 
1   Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
› Author Affiliations Funding The authors have no sources of funding to declare.
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Abstract

Introduction Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is a disabling otologic urgency whose ethiopathogenesis is still controversial. Only in recent years metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been implicated as a possible aggravating factor in the prognosis of recovery from ISSHL.

Objective To assess whether the preexistence of MetS interferes on hearing recovery levels.

Methods Retrospective cohort study composed of adult (> 18 years old) ISSHL patients admitted for treatment between January 2015 and December 2019. To diagnose ISSHL, we used pure-tone audiometry, and identified MetS patients based on the criteria of the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). The treatment protocol comprised hospitalization for five days for the intravenous administration of dexamethasone, audiometric surveillance, imaging and blood analyses, and, based on recovery, the planning of rescue treatments (intratympanic administration of dexamethasone and/or hyperbaric oxygen). The Siegel criteria were used to evaluate the hearing outcomes.

Results The final sample was composed of 81 patients, 48 without MetS (nMetS) and 33 with MetS. Regarding the Siegel recovery category, the nMetS group had significantly better results (p = 0.001), with 44% of complete recoveries against 6% in the MetS, and 58% of the MetS patients had the worst outcome, contrasting with 27% in the nMetS group. The nMetS group had an overall better evolution in terms of hearing recovery and had a significant improvement in the median hearing gain (20.6 dB versus 8.8 dB; p = 0.008). Additionally, the multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of MetS is a significant risk factor for a worse outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.10–0.85).

Conclusion Regardless of age, gender, the initial audiometry threshold, and autoimmunity, MetS is a clear risk factor for a worse outcome regarding the recovery of hearing after ISSHL.

Keywords

hearing loss - idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss - metabolic syndrome - hearing recovery

Ethics Approval

The hospital's ethics committee approved the study (under protocol n. 111/2020).


Availability of Data and Material

The data and material pertaining to the present study can be made available upon reasonable request.




Publication History

Received: 11 March 2021

Accepted: 19 September 2021

Article published online:
31 January 2022

© 2022. Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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