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CC BY 4.0 · Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022; 44(07): 686-691
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742680
Review Article

Prevalence of Preeclampsia in Brazil: An Integrative Review

Prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia no Brasil: Uma revisão integrativa

Authors

  • José Paulo de Siqueira Guida 

    1   Departament of Tocoynecology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
    2   Faculdade de Medicina e Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  • Beatriz Gadioli de Andrade 

    2   Faculdade de Medicina e Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  • Luis Gabriel Ferreira Pissinatti 

    2   Faculdade de Medicina e Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  • Bruna Fagundes Rodrigues 

    2   Faculdade de Medicina e Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  • Caio Augusto Hartman 

    1   Departament of Tocoynecology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
    2   Faculdade de Medicina e Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil

  • Maria Laura Costa 

    1   Departament of Tocoynecology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract

Objective To review literature and estimate the occurrence of preeclampsia and its complications in Brazil.

Methods We performed an integrative review of the literature, and included observational studies published until August 2021 on the SciELO and PubMed databases that evaluated preeclampsia among pregnant women in Brazil. Other variables of interests were maternal death, neonatal death, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia. Three independent reviewers evaluated all retrieved studies and selected those that met inclusion criteria. A metanalysis of the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia was also performed, to estimate a pooled frequency of those conditions among the studies included.

Results We retrieved 304 studies after the initial search; of those, 10 were included in the final analysis, with a total of 52,986 women considered. The pooled prevalence of preeclampsia was of 6.7%, with a total of 2,988 cases reported. The frequency of eclampsia ranged from 1.7% to 6.2%, while the occurrence of HELLP syndrome was underreported. Prematurity associated to hypertensive disorders ranged from 0.5% to 1.72%.

Conclusion The frequency of preeclampsia was similar to that reported in other international studies, and it is increasing in Brazil, probably due to the adoption of new diagnostic criteria. The development of a national surveillance network would be essential to understand the problem of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Brazil.

Resumo

Objetivo Revisar a literatura e estimar a ocorrência de pré-eclâmpsia e suas complicações no Brasil.

Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a inclusão de estudos observacionais publicados até agosto de 2021, nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, que avaliavam pré-eclâmpsia em mulheres brasileiras. Outras variáveis de interesse foram morte materna, morte neonatal, síndrome de hemólise, enzimas hepáticas elevadas e plaquetopenia (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count, HELLP, em inglês) e eclâmpsia. Três revisores independentes avaliaram os estudos identificados e selecionaram aqueles que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão. Foi realizada uma meta-análise da prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia e eclâmpsia, para estimar sua frequência acumulada com relação aos estudos incluídos.

Resultados Foram identificados 304 estudos, 10 dos quais foram incluídos na análise final, num total de 52.986 mulheres. A frequência acumulada de pré-eclâmpsia foi de 6,7%, com um total de 2.988 casos. A frequência de eclâmpsia variou de 1,7% a 6,2%, ao passo que a ocorrência de síndrome de HELLP foi pouco relatada. A prematuridade associada a hipertensão foi de 0,5% a 1,7%.

Conclusão A frequência de pré-eclâmpsia foi similar à de estudos internacionais; no entanto, ao longo dos últimos anos, ela vem aumentando no Brasil, possivelmente como reflexo da adoção de novos critérios diagnósticos. A criação de uma rede nacional de vigilância seria fundamental para entender o problema da hipertensão na gestação no país.

Keywords

preeclampsia - epidemiology - Brazil

Palavras-chave

pré-eclâmpsia - epidemiologia - Brasil


Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 12. September 2021

Angenommen: 10. Dezember 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
09. Februar 2022

© 2022. Federação Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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