CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · South Asian J Cancer
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785445
Original Article

Reconstructive Head and Neck Microsurgery in a High-Volume Cancer Center—Long-Term Impact of an Early Experience

1   Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Services, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Shaji Thomas
1   Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Services, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Sourabh Arora
2   Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
,
3   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Iype EM
1   Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Services, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Balagopal PG
1   Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Services, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Aniraj R.
4   Govt Dental and Medical Colleges, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Vijayakumar P.
5   S. P. Fort Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Deepthi Simon
4   Govt Dental and Medical Colleges, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
,
Amrita Rao
6   Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zoom Image
Bipin T. Varghese

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a 16-year-long outcome of an evolving practical approach to reconstructive microsurgery in a high volume, resource-constrained, head and neck cancer care setting.

Patients and Methods Seventy-three consecutive cases of free flap reconstruction done by the Head and Neck Surgical Oncology team of Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, from October 2004 to May 2020 were prospectively studied for flap viability, cosmesis, morbidity, and oncologic safety. The cases were selected based on their “emphatic” superiority to the conventional alternative as determined by two or more surgeons of the head and neck team or the recommendations of the head and neck tumor board.

Results With the long-term results, this article discusses and validates our strategy for controlled patient recruitment for reconstructive microsurgery to ensure the best resource utilization in a tertiary cancer care center.

Conclusions Adequate training and optimal application are the key factors determining success in microvascular reconstructive surgery in resource-constrained, high-volume cancer care facilities.



Publication History

Article published online:
15 April 2024

© 2024. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 
  • References

  • 1 Wong CH, Wei FC. Microsurgical free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Head Neck 2010; 32 (09) 1236-1245
  • 2 Mallet Y, El Bedoui S, Penel N, Ton Van J, Fournier C, Lefebvre JL. The free vascularized flap and the pectoralis major pedicled flap options: comparative results of reconstruction of the tongue. Oral Oncol 2009; 45 (12) 1028-1031
  • 3 Varghese BT, Arora S. Immediate deltopectoral flap salvage of a failing anterolateral thigh free flap. Oral Oncol 2020; 100: 104451
  • 4 Janardhan D, George CK, Thomas S. et al. Island NLF or island FAMM flap in reconstruction of oral malignancy defects?. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11 (02) 188-191
  • 5 Thomas S, Janardhan D, Varghese BT, Patil S, Suresh S. Versatility of supraclavicular artery pedicled flap in reconstruction after laryngectomy. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 3 (01) 1084
  • 6 Thomas S, Varghese BT, Ganesh SA. et al. Oncological safety of submental artery island flap in oral reconstruction - analysis of 229 cases. Indian J Surg Oncol 2016; 7 (04) 420-424
  • 7 Varghese BT, Vijayakumar P, Ani Raj R, Thomas S. Salvaging skin loss of free fibular osteo-cutaneous flaps in oral oncological reconstruction. Oral Oncol 2019; 97: 131-132
  • 8 Soutar DS, Scheker LR, Tanner NS, McGregor IA. The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intra-oral reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1983; 36 (01) 1-8
  • 9 Anehosur VS, Karadiguddi P, Joshi VK, Lakkundi BC, Ghosh R, Krishnan G. Elective tracheostomy in head and neck surgery: our experience. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11 (05) ZC36-ZC39
  • 10 Divya GM, Zinia N, Balagopal PG. et al. Risk factors for post-operative complications in primary oral cancer surgery-a prospective study. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 9 (01) 28-34 PMID
  • 11 Gao LL, Basta M, Kanchwala SK, Serletti JM, Low DW, Wu LC. Cost-effectiveness of microsurgical reconstruction for head and neck defects after oncologic resection. Head Neck 2017; 39 (03) 541-547
  • 12 Genden EM, Rinaldo A, Suárez C, Wei WI, Bradley PJ, Ferlito A. Complications of free flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection. Oral Oncol 2004; 40 (10) 979-984 Review
  • 13 Novakovic D, Patel RS, Goldstein DP, Gullane PJ. Salvage of failed free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction. Head Neck Oncol 2009; 1 (01) 33 [Epubahead of print]
  • 14 Sumer BD, Gastman BR, Nussenbaum B, Gao F, Haughey BH. Microvascular flap reconstruction of major pharyngeal resections with the intent of laryngeal preservation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 135 (08) 801-806
  • 15 Kudpaje A, Thankappan K, Rajan RP. et al. Outcomes of re-exploration procedures after head and neck free flap reconstruction. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12 (03) 530-537
  • 16 Yoshimoto S, Kawabata K, Mitani H. Analysis of 59 cases with free flap thrombosis after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010; 37 (02) 205-211
  • 17 Jacobson AS, Eloy JA, Park E, Roman B, Genden EM. Vessel-depleted neck: techniques for achieving microvascular reconstruction. Head Neck 2008; 30 (02) 201-207
  • 18 Griffin JR, Thornton JF. Microsurgery: free tissue transfer and replantation. In Selected Readings in Plastic surgery. Volume 10, Number 5, Part 2. South West Baylor College; 2005. page 6.
  • 19 Rinkinen J, Halvorson EG. Topical vasodilators in microsurgery: what is the evidence?. J Reconstr Microsurg 2017; 33 (01) 1-7
  • 20 Schonauer F, Di Martino A, Nele G, Santoro M, Dell'Aversana Orabona G, Califano L. Submental flap as an alternative to microsurgical flap in intraoral post-oncological reconstruction in the elderly. Int J Surg 2016; 33 (Suppl. 01) S51-S56